《MIT的大学物理总结Goldstein Classical Mechanics Notes》.pdf

Goldstein Classical Mechanics Notes Michael Good May 30, 2004 1 Chapter 1: Elementary Principles 1.1 Mechanics of a Single Particle Classical mechanics incorporates special relativity. ‘Classical’ refers to the con- tradistinction to ‘quantum’ mechanics. Velocity: dr v = . dt Linear momentum: p = mv. Force: dp F = . dt In most cases, mass is constant and force is simplified: d dv F = (mv) = m = ma. dt dt Acceleration: 2 d r a = . dt2 Newton’s second law of motion holds in a reference frame that is inertial or Galilean. Angular Momentum: L = r × p. Torque: T = r × F. Torque is the time derivative of angular momentum: 1 dL T = . dt Work: W12 = 12 F · dr. In most cases, mass is constant and work simplifies to: W12 = m 2 dv · vdt = m 2 v · dv dt = m 2 v · dv 1 dt 1 dt 1 m W12 =