Lecture13VibrationsandWaves.pptVIP

Chapter 14: Sound Producing a Sound Wave Beats Resonance Resonance Resonance Quality of Sound Two interfering sound waves can make beat Two waves with different frequency create a beat because of interference between them. The beat frequency is the difference of the two frequencies. Resonance When we apply a periodically varying force to a system that can oscillate, the system is forced to oscillate with a frequency equal to the frequency of the applied force (driving frequency): forced oscillation. When the applied frequency is close to a characteristic frequency of the system, a phenomenon called resonance occurs. Resonance also occurs when a periodically varying force is applied to a system with normal modes. When the frequency of the applied force is close to one of normal modes of the system, resonance occurs. works as a stoppeded pipe * Sound waves are longitudinal waves traveling through a medium, such as air. Sound waves Suggested homework problems: 11,26,33,44,50 When a tine swings to the right, the molecules in an element of air in front of its movement are forced closer together than normal: compression Movement of air molecules in a sound wave Producing a Sound Wave When the tine swings to the left the molecules in an element of air to the right of the tine spread apart, and the density and air pressure in this region are then lower than normal: rarefaction compression rarefaction The motion of the elements of the medium in a longitudinal sound wave is back and forth along the direction in which the wave travels. Longitudinal wave vs. transverse wave Characteristics of Sound Waves In a transverse wave, the vibrations of the elements of the medium are at right angle to the direction of travel of the waves. Categories of sound waves Audible waves : Frequencies in the range of sensitivity of the human ears – 20 to 20,000 Hz Infrasonic waves : Frequencies below the audi