5.数据链路层和局域网.pptVIP

Chapter 5:数据链路层（Link Layer） 要点: 掌握数据链路层服务的原理: 差错检验、纠正error detection, correction 广播链路的共享: 数据链路层地址 可靠的数据传输, 流量控制 各种数据链路层技术的实现 以太网 PPP Link Layer 5.1 数据链路层：引言和服务 5.2 差错检验和纠正 5.3 多路访问协议 5.4 链路层地址 5.5 以太网 5.6 集线器、网桥和交换机 5.7 PPP 数据链路层：引言和服务 部分术语: hosts and routers are nodes communication channels that connect adjacent nodes along communication path are links wired links wireless links LANs layer-2 packet is a frame, encapsulates datagram 数据链路层: 续 数据报在不同的链路段可能使用不同的链路层协议传输: e.g., Ethernet on first link, frame relay on intermediate links, 802.11 on last link 每一链路层协议提供不同的服务： e.g., may or may not provide rdt(可靠数据传输) over link transportation analogy trip from Princeton to Lausanne limo: Princeton to JFK plane: JFK to Geneva train: Geneva to Lausanne tourist = datagram transport segment = communication link transportation mode = link layer protocol travel agent = routing algorithm 数据链路层服务 封装成帧 encapsulate datagram into frame, adding header, trailer “MAC” addresses used in frame headers to identify source, dest different from IP address! 链路访问: channel access if shared medium 相邻节点间的可靠交付 we learned how to do this already (chapter 3)! seldom used on low bit-error link (fiber, some twisted pair) wireless links: high error rates Q: why both link-level and end-end reliability? 数据链路层服务(续) 流量控制: pacing between adjacent sending and receiving nodes 差错检测: errors caused by signal attenuation, noise. receiver detects presence of errors: signals sender for retransmission or drops frame 差错纠正: receiver identifies and corrects bit error(s) without resorting to retransmission 半双工和全双工 with half duplex, nodes at both ends of link can transmit, but not at same time 数据链路层协议的实现？ in each and every host link layer implemented in “adaptor” (aka network interface card NIC) Ethernet card, PCMCI card, 802.11 card implements link, physical layer attaches into host’s system buses combination of hardware, software, firmware Adaptors Communicating sending side: encapsulates datagram in frame adds