苏州橄榄核雕刻入门教程及橄榄核雕刻作品欣赏.pptVIP

MHC and transplantation What is transplantation TransplantationIn clinical practice,organ that has functional deficiency can be replaced by a normal organ from another person to make good a functional deficit,this therapy is called transplantation. 1909 - The first kidney transplant experiments were performed in humans in France using animal kidneys. A surgeon inserted slices of rabbit kidney into a child suffering from kidney failure.? Although “the immediate results were excellent” the child died about 2 weeks later. 1954 - Joeseph E. Murray and his colleagues at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston performed the first truly successful kidney transplant between a pair of identical twins.? This was done without any immunosuppressive medication.? More kidney transplants between identical twins were successfully performed, and some of those kidney recipients are still alive today Classification of transplantation autograft: the same individual isograft: genetically identical individuals, i.e., identical twins allograft: the same species xenograft: different species The greatest problem the transplantation is faced with is the rejection that ensues After research,scientists have discovered that MHC play an important role in the rejection. If the MHC is not identical between donor and recipient,it will cause immune rejection, leading to the death of the graft. MHC——Major histocompatibility complex A large cluster of linked genes that encodes two sets of highly polymorphic cell-surface proteins,termed as: class I MHC molecules→CD8+T cells class II MHC molecules→CD4+T cells MHC is also called HLA complex in human , but H-2 complex in the mouse. Functions of MHC molecules Present antigen to T cells and initiate immune respose. T cell is activated only when MHC molecules bind to antigenic peptides. Molecular basis for interaction of MHC molecules and antigenic peptide M