应用光学chapter3.pptVIP

Chapter 3 Instruments for human eyes Contents The characteristics of the human eyes Principles and structures of microscopes and telescopes How does the optical instrument work with the human eyes? Defects of the eyes and diopter accommodation of optical instruments §3-1 Characteristics of the eye Visual optical system is used to improve our vision ability It works with human eyes Human eyes acts as a sub-optical system of the whole system Structure of the eye Cornea: Transparent spherical membrane, the incident rays pass the cornea firstly. n=1.3771, Retina: Optic nerve cell and optic nerve fiber, acts as a sensitive film. Blind spot: Located where the nerve fibers leave the eyeball, no sensitive cell on it and no vision can be formed. question：a camera forms an inverted image on the film, how about human eyes? The outside rays enter human eye Expression of the accommodation degree: Diopter Different accommodation ranges of people in different ages 2. Pupil accommodation The iris can expand or contract to control the amount of light admitted to the eye. Under very bright conditions, daytime D=2mm; At night, D=8mm When we design an optical system, the exit pupil of the optical instrument must match with the pupil of the human eye. When it is used on the daytime, the exit pupil can be smaller; and when used at night, it must be bigger. Visual Acuity of the Eye The Structure of retina Imaging on retina §3-2 Principles of Magnifier and Microscope Principles of magnifier Types of telescopes: Keplerian telescope: Both objective and eyepiece are positive lenses. Galilean telescope: positive objective, negative eyepiece Question: Can the objective and eyepiece of a Galilean telescope change with each other? §3-4 Defect of Eyes and Diopter Accommodation of Optical Instruments B. The characteristic of nearsightedness(myopia) Since the second focal point of a nearsighted eye falls ahead of the reti