Unit 02 Nautical Charts1.docVIP

Unit 02 Nautical Charts I Reliance on charts and associated publications海图以及其他有关文献的可信度 Whilst every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of the information on Admiralty charts and in 当尽全力的去确定英版海图或其他出版物上的信息的准确性时， other publications, it should be appreciated that the information may not always be complete 就应该意识到上面的信息对与现代的测量标准可能是不完整的，最新的或者位置确定的， , up-to-date or positioned to modern surveying standards and that information announced by Radio 由于这些情况的应急性，那些通过那些无线卫星警报或者ANM对海员发布的信息 Navigational Warnings or ANM because of its immediate importance cannot always be verified 在公布之前总是不能被证实。 before promulgation. Furthermore, it is sometimes necessary to defer the promulgation of certain less important information. 而且，对与一些不是很重要的信息有必要延迟公布。 No chart is infallible. Every chart is liable to be incomplete, either through imperfections in the survey on which it is based, or through subsequent alterations to the topography or sea floor. 没有哪个海图是绝对没有错误的，每张海图都存在缺陷，要么是不完善的调查根据，要么是通过后续修改或海底地形。 However, in the vicinity of recognized shipping lanes charts may be used with confidence for normal navigational needs. 然而，为了航行需要在附近公认的航道可以放心航行 The mariner must be the final judge of the reliance he can place on the information given, bearing in mind his particular circumstances, safe and prudent navigation, local pilotage guidance and the judicious use of available navigational aids. 水手是通过他可以获得的信息对海图的可信度的最后决策者，利用当地引航向导以及明智的使用现有的援助，牢记特殊的情况，安全谨慎的航行。 Ships take the ground when the draught exceeds the depth of water. The practice of running and observing is the echo sounder when anywhere near shoal water considerably reduces the possibility of grounding due to navigational error. 当船舶的吃水小于水深的时候就会搁浅。航行在接近潜水区域时随时观察回声可以大大的减小因错误操纵导致搁浅。 II Assessing the reliability of a chart海图可信度的估计 Apart from any suspicious inconsistencies disclosed in the course of using a chart, the only means available to the mariner of assessing its reliability is by examining it. 在使用海图的过程中要排除披露出来任何可疑的矛盾唯一可行的估计海图可信的的方法就是实践。 Charts