植物微生物学真菌界.ppt

真菌界 植物微生物学第四讲 Eumycotan Fungi真菌界 Unlike chromistan fungi - most have no motile stages so best adapted to land Phylum – Chytridiomycota（壶菌门）exception - do have flagellae - 1 posterior whiplash, Phylum – Zygomycota（接合菌门）most have coenocytic hyphae (ie no septae) Phylum- Dikaryomycota（双核菌门）septate hyphae. Largest and most important group. 真菌界一般性状 By far the largest group of fungi: over 100,000 sp known probably well over 1,000,000 exist! many capable of digesting very complex substances (cellulose, lignin， chitin ) - due to extracellular enzymes（胞外酶） hyphae （菌丝） can penetrate into solid masses e.g wood and decompose it rapidly produce vast numbers of spores so capable of spreading rapidly.（产孢繁殖） Phylum Chytridiomycota壶菌门 mostly live in water or soil - decomposers single cell or hyphae, 营养体为简单细胞或菌丝sometimes develop rhizoids（根状体） often parasitic Synchytrium（集壶菌属） causes wart disease of potatoes（马铃薯癌肿病） 接合菌门主要特征 wide, thin-walled multinucleate coenocytic hyphae粗大的薄壁多核无隔菌丝 limited ability to digest complex substrates sexual spore = a thick walled zygosporangium（接合孢子） - germinates by meiosis to form new hyphae. Phylum – Zygomycota接合菌门 class Zygomycetes 接合菌纲 Mucorales毛霉目 腐生 - saprobic (eg bread moulds) common saprophytes - but limited ability to degrade complex compounds compared to Dikaryomycota Life cycle - see Rhizopus stolonifer (Fig 3.5) class Trichomycetes 毛菌纲- parasites of arthropods 节肢动物的寄生物 双核菌门-子囊菌亚门 Chromistan Fungi Eumycotan Fungi. 1. Chytridiomycota 2. Zygomycota 3. Dikaryomycota Dikaryomycota子囊菌亚门 Compared to Zygomycota :- 1. have thinner hyphae菌丝细- thicker walls 壁厚 divided into compartments by 有隔 septae which contain pores.隔板有孔 2. This makes them tougher and much more able to thrive in drier situations更耐干旱 3. More capable of utilizing complex substances - e.g cellulose., lignin, keratin, chitin. 4. Many important pathogens of plants Dikaryomycota二核菌门 5. Very important in mycorrhizal菌根 associations 6. Many species have developed an association