GJ钢焊接方管截面残余应力的测定和分析.pdf

中文摘要 摘 要 焊接残余应力对焊接构件的刚度和稳定性有重要影响，然而，目前尚未对GJ 钢焊接构件中焊接残余应力分布进行研究。本文以通用有限元软件ANSYS 作为分 析工具，以GJ 钢板焊接方管为研究对象，对其焊接过程的温度场和应力场进行模 拟。以实际焊接过程为依据，考虑较厚板焊接通常采用多层焊，建立焊接方管的 多层焊的三维几何模型，并采用高温下钢材的物理性能参数，以基于生死单元的 焊接热源加载模型为移动焊接热源，编制焊接温度场和应力场分析的 APDL 命令 流进行分析，获得焊接方管焊接温度场随时间变化的曲线和最终残余应力分布规 律。 运用盲孔法对GJ 钢板焊接方管的残余应力进行实例测定，通过对测定数据的 分析整理，拟合出焊接方管残余应力的分布曲线，得到其截面残余应力的分布模 式，并与理论分析数据进行对比，归纳作为影响焊接方管稳定承载力实验的因素， 为后续对其计算模式不定性的分析提供基础数据。 通过数值模拟分析及实验测定发现：焊接方管纵向残余应力的实测和理论计 算分布模式相似；残余压应力分布接近于水平直线，残余拉应力的最大值达到钢 材的屈服强度；壁板外表面和内表面的残余应力数值不同；焊接工序对焊接方管 的纵向残余应力分布有显著影响，先焊焊缝附近的残余应力数值小于后焊焊缝附 近的残余应力。 关键词：GJ 结构钢，焊接方管，残余应力，测定，有限元分析 I 英文摘要 ABSTRACT Welded residual stress has great impact on the stiffness and stability of welded members; however, the distribution of welded residual stress in welded members made of GJ steel has not been studied at present. Employing finite element method analysis program ANSYS, thermal field and stress field in the welded rectangular hollow members made by plates of GJ structural steel, in the process of welding, are simulated in this paper. Multipass welding is taken into account according to the practical welding procedure, three-dimension geometrical models of welded rectangular hollow members are built up, physical property parameters of this steel in high temperature are applied, and model of welding heat source on the basis of birth and death of elements is adopted as mobile welding heat source, programs in ANSYS parameter design language are conducted to analyse the welding thermal field and stress field, to get its distribution of temperature and final longitudinal residual stress in welded rectangular hollow members. Blind-hole method is used in t