Neurobiology of mammalian olfactory learning that occurs during sensitive periods.pdfVIP

CurrentZoology 56(6)：819-833，2010 Neurobiologyofmammalianolfactory learningthatoccurs duringsensitiveperiods HidetoKABA DepartmentofPhysiology,KochiMedicalSchool，Nankoku，Kochi783—8505，Japan Abstract Thisreview examinestheorganizationalprinciplesunderlyingolfactorylearninginthreespecializedcontextshtat OCCBrduringsensitiveperiodsofenhnacedneuralplasticityandemphasizessomeoftheirco／nlTlonfeatures．Allthreeformsof olfactorylearningareassociatedwihtneuralchnagesintheolfactory bulb(OB)athtefirststageofsensoryprocessing．These chnagesrequiretheassociationoftheolfactoryandsomatosensory signalsintheOB．Theyalldependonsomatosensorystimula- tion··inducedreleaseofnoradrenalinehtatinducesstructuralandfunctionalchangesatmitral—granulecellreciprocalsynapsesin hteOB，resulting in increasesin ihn ibitory transmission．In the accessory olfactory bulb，thisrepresentshte ehn naced self-ihn ibitionofmitralcells，whichselectivelydisruptshtetransmissionofhtematingmale’sprengnacy-blockingsingalathtis leve1．Inconrtast，na extensivenetworkofsecondarydendritesofmitralcellsinthemainolfactory bulbprobablyresults ni a sharpeningoftheodor-inducedpattem ofactivity,duetoincreasesinlateralihn ibition，leadingtooffspringrecongitioninsheep andneonaatllearninginratsnadrabbits．Th esefindingsshow thatihn ibitory intemeuronsplayacriticalroleinolfactorylearning． Furtherworkonhow theseneuronsshapeolfactory circuitfunctioncouldprovideimportantcluestoundeBtandmemory func- fionsofintemeuronsinothersystems．Moreover,recentresearchhassuggestedthatthreeformsofolfactorylearningalecon- rtolledbysnyergistic，redundant，naddistributedneuralmechanisms．Th ishasgeneralimplicationsregardingthemechanismsthat maycontributetotherobustnessofmemoriesC【urrentZoology56(6)：819-833，2OLO]． Keywords Materecong itionmemory,Maternalrecongition，Olfactory bulb，Olfactorylearn ing，Sensitiveperiod 1 In仃oduction