毕业设计（论文）_钢轨磨光机液压系统及PLC设计.docVIP

钢轨磨光机液压及PLC系统设计 摘要 本文第一部分是设计钢轨磨光机的液压系统，要求实现上、下磨头进给、摆动、砂带张紧及砂带调整。 在整个液压传动机构中，泵源选用了三联齿轮泵供油。因磨削是系统的核心，故上、下磨头的进给液压缸分别由两个泵供油；其他动作的液压缸合用另外一个泵；三个泵的压力调整与卸载分别通过溢流阀与二位四通电磁换向阀、溢流阀实现；各泵的压力可以通过压力表显示。由于一个工作循环中，磨削、摆动、砂带张紧及砂带调整等动作要同时发生，且各执行器的负载不尽相同，为解决各执行器间的相互干扰问题，故在实现这些动作的液压缸油路上设置了调速阀；为了消除磨削过程中砂带抱死、断带、磨削太大和磨削量不够等问题，在有关液压缸的油路上设置了电液比例溢流阀，通过渐增压力的方法设置比例电磁铁的输入电流来实现。 本文的第二部分是液压系统的电气控制部分应用PLC来实现的。PLC和传统的继电器-接触器控制系统比较，具有可靠性高、逻辑功能强、体积小，可在线修改控制程序，具有远程通信联网功能，易于与计算机接口，能对模拟量进行控制，具备高速计数与位控等高性能模块等优点。 关键词 液压系统；磨光机；PLC控制器 The Design of the Hydraulic Pressure System for Rail grinder and PLC Abstract The first part is the design of rail grinders hydraulic system, which requires to the movement of vertical grinding feed, swing, and belt adjustment. In the hydraulic drive mechanism, the pump source is selected triple gear pump oil. Three pump pressure adjustment and unloading through the relief valve companied together and two four-way solenoid valves, relief valve to achieve; the pump pressure can be displayed by pressure gauge. When a working cycle completed, grinding, swing and belt adjustment action to occur simultaneously. In order to eliminate the process of grinding belt locking, belt, grinding and grinding capacity are not enough for that big issues such as the oil in the hydraulic cylinder placed in the way electro-hydraulic proportional and the method set by the proportion of incremental pressure . The second part is an electricity control which is applied the PLC with traditional electric appliances to keep in touch with the machine control system ,which has the dependable high, the logic function and has the ability of small physical volume ,so it can do on-line modification control procedure, in addition, it has long range correspondence net function, which is able to connect with calculator, and can deal with measure to the emulation the proceeding controls, when having the high speed count to control with to wait the excellent function .The PLC is chose to use Siemens series