《Bonding, Molecular Shape amp; Structure》.pptVIP

Bonding, Molecular Shape Structure Octet Rule Always Applies to the Second Period = n2 ; number of orbitals 2s, 2px, 2py, 2pz ---orbitals cannot hold more than two electrons Ne [He]; 2s2, 2px2, 2py2, 2pz2 Third Period ; n2 = 32 = 9 orbitals Ar [Ne]; 3s2, 3px2, 3py2, 3pz2 3d0 3d0 3d0 3d0 3d0 Electronegativity is dictated by The number of protons in the nucleus across a period you are increasing the number of protons, but filling electrons in the same Bohr quantized energy level. You are only filling sub-shells, so electronegativity increases from left to right The distance from the nucleus down groups, you are placing electrons into new quantized energy levels, so moving further away from the attractive power of the nucleus. Outer shell becomes further away from the nucleus. The amount of screening by the inner electrons level of screening upon bonding electrons increases down groups, and adds to the reduction in electronegativity. Screening is caused by repulsion of electrons for each other. Valence Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR) Procedure Sum the total Number of Valence Electrons Drawing the Lewis Structure 2. The atom usually written first in the chemical formula is the Central atom in the Lewis structure Complete the octet bonded to the Central atom. However, elements in the third row have empty d-orbitals which can be used for bonding. If there are not enough electrons to give the central atom an octet try multiple bonds. Predicting the Shape of the Molecule Sum the Number of Electron Domains around the Central Atom in the Lewis Structure; Single = Double = Triple Bonds = Non-Bonding Lone Pair of Electrons = One Electron Domain From the Total Number of Electron Domains, Predict the Geometry and Bond Angle(s); 2 (Linear = 180o); 3 (Trigonal Planar = 120o); 4 (Tetrahedral = 109.5o); 5 (Trigonal Bipyramidal = 120o and 90o); 6 (Octahedral = 90o) Lone Pair Electron Domains exert a greater repulsive force than Bonding Domains. Electron Domains of