《C++ History》.pptVIP

C++ History CPL – Combined Programming Language (1960s, University of Cambridge, University of London) BCPL – Basic Combined Programming Language (1966, Martin Richards, language for writing compilers)GET libhdrLET start() = VALOF{ FOR i = 1 TO 5 DO writef(fact(%n) = %i4*n, i, fact(i)) RESULTIS 0}AND fact(n) = n=0 - 1, n*fact(n-1) B (Dennis Ritchie, Bell Labs, 1969) printn(n,b) { extrn putchar; auto a; if(a=n/b) /* assignment, not test for equality */ printn(a, b); /* recursive */ putchar(n%b + 0);} C (Dennis Ritchie, Bell Labs, early 1970s, general purpose) C++ (Stroustrup, Bell Labs, 1983, C with objects) C++/CLI (Microsoft, 2005, “Managed” ECMA C++ Standard) How C++ Works Source Code C++ Preprocessor Source files processed by preprocessor to shape the code by substituting attributes*, expanding macros, processing conditional directives, including external files, issuing compiler directives Preprocessor directives begin with # Attributes (COM, IDL, compiler, .NET) are enclosed in [], e.g. [in] * Attributes are Microsoft’s innovation, that just now has been standardized by ECMA Preprocessor Definitions #define can define a flow control entity: #define MYHEADER_H * Capitalize the name, use underscore to separate words a constant: #define MYHEADER_H #define M_PI 3.1415f * Capitalize the name, use underscore to separate words or a macro: #define MAX(a, b) ((a) (b) ? (a) : (b)) * Capitalize the name, enclose operands in parenthesis #undef undefines a previously defined entity: #undef M_PI #undef MAX #undef MYHEADER_H Including Files #include #include MyHeader.h #include iostream * Name your include files .h What’s appropriate for include files? * Declarations, e.g. constants, external functions, classes, structures, macros, etc. What’s inappropriate for include files? * Code snippets, function bodies, class implementations, i.e. non-declarative code Conditional Compilation #if / #ifdef / #ifndef - #else / #elif - #endif #ifndef MYHEADER_H #inc