《Chapter 1.1A Brief History of Video Games》.pptVIP

Chapter 1.1A Brief History of Video Games The First Video Games William Higginbotham and Tennis for Two Created in 1958 for the Brookhaven National Laboratory’s annual visitor day Display was an oscilloscope Sound effects were a side-effect of the relays that made the game run No one realized its significance /bnlweb/history/higinbotham.asp The First Video Games Steve Russell and Spacewar Created in 1961 at MIT for the DEC PDP-1 computer Hugely popular within MIT Required prohibitively expensive equipment Eventually shipped as a diagnostic program with PDP-1s /groups/el/projects/spacewar/ Games for the Masses The Advent of Home Video Games: Ralph Baer and the Magnavox Odyssey 1966, initial idea for a game machine that would work on home TVs Created a shooting game and ice hockey game Sold to Magnavox in 1972 /odyssey.htm Games for the Masses Breaking Into the Amusement Business: Nolan Bushnell and Atari Engineering major at the University of Utah Background in coin-operated amusement devices Tried to bring Spacewar to arcades as Computer War Games for the Masses Bringing Games to the Masses Atari founded by Nolan Bushnell in 1972 Brought Pong to arcades Sued by Baer and Magnavox Paid a one-time license fee of $700,000 The Console Kings Atari and the 2600 Atari VCS (1600) released in 1977 Not quite the first cartridge-based home system Open architecture allowed easy development First to introduce licensing of a system The Console Kings Video Game Crash of 1983 Factors leading to the crash Poor economy Natural market cycle Video games perceived as fad Glut of poor 2600 games Introduction of home computers The Console Kings Nintendo and Shigeru Miyamoto Released Donkey Kong arcade machine in 1981 Released Nintendo Entertainment System in 1985 During late 80’s Nintendo owned 90% of the market Latest console is the Nintendo DS The Console Kings Sega Created in 1952 in Japan to sell amusement games on US army bases Released the popular Sega Genesis in 1990 F