微观经济学之相互依存性和贸易的好处.pptVIP

人们为什么选择相互依存？ 经济学第五大原理：贸易可以使每个人都变得更好 贸易如何使每个人（或每个国家）都变得更好？ 问题 泰格尔·伍兹应该自己修剪草坪吗？ 假设美国生产小麦比日本所需的投入少，日本生产电脑比美国所需的投入少，两国该如何进行贸易？ 再假设美国在生产小麦和电脑上都比日本所需的投入少，美国还需要跟日本进行贸易吗？ 贸易的价格 在前面的例子中，100台电脑换700吨小麦，相当于1台电脑的价格是7吨小麦。 对从贸易中获益的双方而言，他们进行贸易的价格在两种机会成本之间。 在前面的例子中，价格介于5到10之间。 内容提要 相互依存和贸易可以使每个人都享有更多数量和品种的物品与劳务 比较优势意味着能以较小的机会成本生产一种物品，绝对优势意味着能以较少的投入生产一种物品 当人们（或国家之间）能专门生产他们具有比较优势的产品时，经济“蛋糕”会变大，通过贸易也可以使每个人的状况变得更好 * Please ask your students in advance to bring calculators to class. This PowerPoint chapter includes simple in-class exercises which lead students to see for themselves the gains from trade arising from comparative advantage. This PowerPoint chapter covers the same topics as Chapter 3 in the textbook (comparative absolute advantage, the gains from trade), but using a different example and a different approach that is likely to benefit your students. The textbook presents these topics using an example involving two individual producers (the farmer rancher). After the example, the textbook states that its lessons apply to countries as well as individual producers. This PowerPoint presentation takes the opposite approach, illustrating the concepts with an example involving two countries, and then states that that the lessons apply to individuals as well as countries. Seeing the analysis both ways, and seeing a different example in class than in the textbook, will help students better learn these concepts. The example in this PowerPoint chapter builds on the PPF example introduced in the Chapter 2 PowerPoint. (It is not essential to cover the Chapter 2 PowerPoint before this one, though.) This PowerPoint omits “Should Tiger Woods Mow His Own Lawn?” It’s a great example of comparative advantage, but it does not introduce any new concepts, and students can easily understand it on their own. * The lessons illustrated by this international trade example also apply to trade between two individual producers. Note that this chapter in the textbook does the reverse: