54潘雪苗_小鸡蛋,大奥妙.doc

小鸡蛋,大奥妙 鸡蛋富含蛋白质、脂肪、矿物质和维生素, 是人们高营养价 值的重要副食品之一。不仅如此，鸡蛋本身的结构具有很多有趣而富含物理力学原理，今天我就和大家通过两个小问题来探究小鸡蛋里的大奥妙。 一、鸡蛋为什么能竖立？ 在课堂内外,经常有用鸡蛋做实验的例子,我们遇到这么一个问题:熟鸡蛋为什么能在旋转的过程中竖立起来?也就是在绕短轴转动一段时间后,还能绕长轴转动,并且这个方法可以用来判断的鸡蛋是生鸡蛋还是熟鸡蛋。我查阅了很多国内的资料，但没有发现对这个现象进行详细解释的文章，大多数只是提及，后来在查阅国外资料时，我发现了一篇类似现象的文章，原文如下： Title: Rugbyball Aim: To show how a rotating rugbyball lifts itself Subjects: 1Q60 (Rotational Stability) Diagram: Equipment: Rugbyball Presentation: The rugbyball lies on the floor. By hand it is given a fast spin around its short axis (see Figure1). When the ball has made some turns it lifts itself ,finally standing on its nose (tail) and rotating around its long axis. Explanation: When the ball turns around its short axis (ws ) it will tilt its long axis a little due to unbalanced mass distribution. Then spinning around its long axis (wl ) will start (see Figure2) and at the same time, the long axis starts a precession (I2wl moves into the direction of Tp ). The point of contact slips on the floor (see Diagram). The frictionforce (Ff ) on the ball is pointing in the same direction as its direction of precession. The torque (Tf ) of this frictionforce is pointing upward (see Diagram), almost perpendicular to I2wl . So the frictionforce gives a torque that erects the ball (I2wl moves into the direction of Tf ). See also the demonstrations Precession 3a and Precession 3b in this database where it is shown how a precessing object reacts to an applied torque. Remarks: Friction between ball and floor must be high enough to make this demonstration successful. This demonstration can also be done with a hardboiled egg. Doing it on my kitchentable, the angular speed of the egg must be quite high to reach the lifting effect. Figures: Figure 1 Figure 2 （摘自 http://www.tn.tudelft.nl/cdd/） 这篇文章虽然研究的是橄榄球的转动，但是文章最后的注释也提到了，转动的熟鸡蛋也会有同样的效果，但不是在任何情况下都能够出现这个词效果，前提条件是： （1）鸡蛋和接触面间的摩擦要足够大而又不能太大； （2）转速也有限制，必须大于10n/s。 我们以鸡蛋为例转述对这种现象的分析：当鸡蛋绕其短轴转动时，由于质量分布不均，鸡蛋的长轴会发生倾斜，绕长轴转动的同时