英语翻译创新.pptVIP

Diction Polysemy: One word has various parts of speech and various meaning. Firth said: “Each word when used in a new context is a new word.” Examples (1) I want my martini dry. There are still some dry states in the United States. She prefers dry bread. 我的马丁尼酒不要甜的。 在美国尚有几洲禁酒。 她喜欢无奶油的面包。 The cows are dry. He gave us a dry lecture yesterday. I am sure what he presented was a dry fact. 这些母牛缺奶。 昨天他给我们作了一个枯燥无味的讲演。 我相信，他所列举的是铁一般的事实。 The culture also parallels these same five levels of language by having at least five levels of clothing: tuxedo (also called “smoking”), business suit, sports outfit, beachwear, and bathrobe. ---Nida, Language and Culture: Contexts in Translating. The style of language used for a particular communication also differs greatly. E.g. Blood, sweat, tears. ---Churchill 1. 注意词语的指称意义（denotation）和蕴涵意义（connotation） 2.在上下文（context）中确定词语的精确意义。 3.注意词语的搭配（connotation） 4.注意词语的感情色彩 5. 正式与非正式用词 1.Denotative meaning the meaning you can find in the dictionary The dictionary gives information about where the word comes from and how to know the difference between the word and other words. （人们进行言语交际时说表达的最基本的意义） 1. 英军胜利地登上了小岛。 The British arm climbed onto the island successfully. The British arm landed onto the island successfully. 2. 此人是书就读。 This man reads every book he can reach。 Connotative meaning the feeling or idea suggested by the word the meaning you can know from popular TV shows, movies, music, magazines and website content not an “exact” meaning—the hearer must look at the context to understand the meaning （情感和联想意义，主要体现在词语的修辞色彩、文体特征、文化内涵等方面） 1.在我的后院，可以看见墙外有两株树，一株是枣树，还有一株是枣树. 鲁迅《秋夜》 Behind the wall of my backyard you can see two trees. One is a date tree; the other is also a date tree.（monotony and loneliness） 2. 只因生得妩媚风流，满学中都送两个外号：一个叫“香伶”，一个叫“玉爱”。 曹雪芹 《红楼梦》 But on account their good looks and c