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A Spotlight on Liquefaction Evidence from Clinical Settings and Experimental Models in Tuberculosis.pdf

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A Spotlight on Liquefaction Evidence from Clinical Settings and Experimental Models in Tuberculosis.pdf

Hindawi Publishing Corporation Clinical and Developmental Immunology Volume 2011, Article ID 868246, 9 pages doi:10.1155/2011/868246 Review Article A Spotlight on Liquefaction: Evidence from Clinical Settings and Experimental Models in Tuberculosis Pere-Joan Cardona1, 2 1 Unitat de Tuberculosi Experimental, Fundacio Institut per a la Investigacio en Ciencies de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), ´ ´ ` Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Crta de can Ruti s/n 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain ` 2 CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, 07110 Bunyola, Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain Correspondence should be addressed to Pere-Joan Cardona, pjcardona.igtp.germanstrias@gencat.cat Received 20 September 2010; Revised 19 November 2010; Accepted 30 December 2010 Academic Editor: James Triccas Copyright © 2011 Pere-Joan Cardona. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Liquefaction is one of the most intriguing aspects of human tuberculosis. It is a major cause of the transition from the infection to active disease (tuberculosis, TB) as well as the transmission of M. tuberculosis to other persons. This paper reviews the natural history of liquefaction in humans from a pathological and radiological point of view and discusses how the experimental models available can be used to address the topic of liquefaction and cavity formation. Diﬀerent concepts that have been related to liquefaction, from the inﬂuence of immune response to mechanical factors, are reviewed. Synchronic necrosis or apoptosis o