Double Hopf Bifurcation with Strong Resonances in Delayed Systems with Nonlinerities.pdfVIP

Hindawi Publishing Corporation Mathematical Problems in Engineering Volume 2009, Article ID 759363, 16 pages doi:10.1155/2009/759363 Research Article Double Hopf Bifurcation with Strong Resonances in Delayed Systems with Nonlinerities J. Xu1 and K. W. Chung2 1 School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China 2 Department of Mathematics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Correspondence should be addressed to J. Xu, xujian@ Received 25 February 2009; Revised 6 September 2009; Accepted 11 October 2009 Recommended by Oleg Gendelman An efficient method is proposed to study delay-induced strong resonant double Hopf bifurcation for nonlinear systems with time delay. As an illustration, the proposed method is employed to investigate the 1 : 2 double Hopf bifurcation in the van der Pol system with time delay. Dynamics arising from the bifurcation are classified qualitatively and expressed approximately in a closed form for either square or cubic nonlinearity. The results show that 1 : 2 resonance can lead to codimension-three and codimension-two bifurcations. The validity of analytical predictions is shown by their consistency with numerical simulations. Copyright q 2009 J. Xu and K. W. Chung. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 1. Introduction To realistically model physical and biological systems with interactions, we generally need to take into account the influence of the past states. Such a system can be modeled by a set of delay differential equations DDEs. Unlike a differential equation, the characteristic equation of a DDE has a