东亚人群线粒体N系单倍群迁徙分化.pdfVIP

 15(S):13-46 COM. on C. A. 3:e3, 2009 ª 现代人类学通讯 第三卷 2009 年 Communication on Contemporary Anthropology Vol. 3 研究报告 东亚人群线粒体 N 系单倍群的迁徙分化 陈致勇 中国恐龙网论坛, 上海 200085 摘要：线粒体N系单倍群是东亚人母系线粒体遗传M、N和 R三大系统之一。本文在汇总大量亚洲东部族群线 粒体 N 系单倍群序列和数据的基础上，通过重建系统发生学关系，明确了东亚人的 N 世系(A、N9a、Y、N9b 等)直接源自北部湾地区，应为东南亚起源而非中亚起源。年代测算表明N系单倍群很可能在5.0 万年前已到 达东南亚地区，在东亚大陆大规模扩张的时间大致始于 2.5-2.0 万年前。地理分析显示，华中地区是 N 系下 游单倍群A、N9a和Y扩散分化和集中分布的主要地区，暗示N系单倍群可能与苗瑶族系，特别是与古代的苗 蛮民族有着密切的联系。因而可将N系单倍群所属的史前族群视为“原始苗人”。但进一步的分析显示N系单 倍群的成分不仅存在于湖南苗族的母系遗传中，也大量流入了周边汉族和其他少数民族群体中。表明在母系 遗传上湖南苗族不是史前“原始苗人”的唯一直系后裔，而只是分享其母系遗传的众多后继者之一。 关键词：线粒体；N系；单倍群；东亚；北部湾；迁徙；苗瑶 Migration and Diversification of Mitochondrial Haplogroup N in East Asians CHEN Zhiyong China Dinasour Forum, Shanghai 200085 China Abstract ：Mitochondrial superhaplogroup N is one of the three dominant haplogroups M, N and R in the East Asians. Here published sequences and data of haplogroup N in East Asia were collected and the phylogenesis was reconstructured. The origin of the N lineage of East Asians (A, N9a, Y, N9b, etc.) was found to be beside Tonkin Bay, not in Central Asia but in Southeast Asia. Time estimates suggested that superhaplogroup N most probably arrived in Southeast Asia 50 thousand years ago, and started to expand in mainland of East Asia around 25-20 thousand years ago. Geographic analyses showed that middle China was the diffusion center of the downstream haplogroups A, N9a, and Y, indicating haplogroup N might be associated to Hmong-Mien, especially to the ancient “Miao Man”. Therefore, the ancient population with the haplogroup N might be defined as “proto-Hmong”. Further analyses showed that haplogroup N distributes not only in Hmong from Hunan but also in the neighboring Han Chinese and other minorities. Present Hmong is not the only descendant of “proto-Hmong” but one of those descendant sharing haplogr