核磁共振[英文版]课件.pptVIP

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Chapter 13 Electromagnetic Radiation Electromagnetic radiation: light and other forms of radiant energy ??? = c E = h? Wavelength (l): the distance between consecutive identical points on a wave Frequency (n): the number of full cycles of a wave that pass a point in a second Hertz (Hz): the unit in which radiation frequency is reported; s-1 (read “per second”) Electromagnetic Radiation Wavelength Molecular Spectroscopy We study three types of molecular spectroscopy A pictorial view of UV/Vis IR Spectroscopy IR radiation is measured in cm-1 This is actually a frequency. Remember that frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional. NMR Spectroscopy NMR uses radiowaves, measured in MHz Nuclear Spin States Any atomic nucleus that has an odd mass, an odd atomic number, or both has a spin and a resulting nuclear magnetic moment. The allowed nuclear spin states are determined by the spin quantum number, I , of the nucleus. A nucleus with spin quantum number I has 2I + 1spin states. If I = 1/2, there are two allowed spin states Molecular Spectroscopy Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy: a spectroscopic technique that gives us information about the number and types of atoms in a molecule, for example, about the number and types of hydrogens using 1H-NMR spectroscopy carbons using 13C-NMR spectroscopy phosphorus using 31P-NMR spectroscopy Nuclear Spin States Spin quantum numbers and allowed nuclear spin states for selected isotopes of elements common to organic compounds Nuclear Spins in B0 Within a collection of 1H and 13C atoms, nuclear spins are completely random in orientation When placed in a strong external magnetic field of strength B0, however, interaction between nuclear spins and the applied magnetic field are quartered, with the result that only certain orientations of nuclear magnetic moments are allowed Nuclear S