中型客车车门总成设计【全套CAD图纸和毕业答辩论文】.doc

目 录 第一章 绪论························································1 1.1 乘客门类型选择················································1 1.1.1乘客门主要结构形式·········································1 1.1.2 外摆门的优点··············································2 1.2 CAD 技术在汽车开发中的应用····································2 1.2.1CAD技术的发展············································2 第二章 国内外外发展情况比较·······································3 2.1客车附件工业的特点 目前国内客车车身附件的状况及与国外发达国家之间的差距建议 3.4.2改进型密封结构···········································16 3.4.3密封结构选定 ···········································17 3.5 外摆式乘客门的制作···········································18 3.5.1制作工艺·················································18 3.5.2预装与调试················································18 第四章 发动机舱门设计·············································18 4.1舱门结构组成·················································18 4.2零部件选型····················································18 4.2.1锁 具 的 选 择················································18 4.2.2气弹簧支撑机构·············································20 4.3铰链设计·····················································21 设计评价分析····················································23 致 谢··························································24 参考文献··························································25 一 绪 论 1.1客车乘客门类型选择 乘客门是客车的重要组成部分，是乘客上下车的通道，对客车的整体造型也起着重要的协调作用。客车外形是影响客车性能的一个重要因素。乘客门是车身外形的一个组成部分，它不仅与客车的动力性、经济性密切相关，而且直接影响客车外形的美观与动感。随着车速的不断提高，客车的空气动力性问题越来越突出。过去我国采用较多的是折叠式车门，由于车门内陷而增加了汽车的空气阻力，产生风流噪声，而且由于车门缝隙大，密封困难，在形式中产生强烈的振动噪声和漏尘，从而严重影响乘坐舒适性。导槽滚轮式乘客门虽然无内陷，但是在车身侧壁有导槽。因此，在的许多高档旅游客车和长途豪华客车上出现了一种使车身表面平整光滑的乘客门，外摆门成为代表乘客门发展的一种趋势。近年来，伴随着出城乡人民群众生活水平的不断提高和高速公路建设的完善，我国中、高档客车取得了长足的发展，外摆门已经在我国客车生产中得到广泛应用。 1.1.1客车乘客门主要结构形式 客车乘客门的结构形式主要有3种：折叠式、外摆式、内摆式。 1.折叠式乘客门：打开时呈折叠形式，是各种客车普遍采用的传统形式的乘客门。具有单轴2页和双轴4页2种形式。 2.外摆式乘客门： 又称外开平移式乘客门。外摆式乘客门在关闭时，其外侧与车身外侧面平齐，密封效果、美观性好，占用车内空间小，使得踏步空间大更好布置，便于乘客上下车，也便于和车身曲线配合，以降低风阻，减小风噪，近年来不仅在中、高档城间客车上普遍采用，且在城市客车上也得以推广应用，具有很好的实用性。外摆门具有单摆和双摆2种形式，单摆式的较常