物种多样性变化格局与时空尺度.pdfVIP

生物多样性 　第 8 卷 ,第 3 期 ,2000 年 8 月 CHIN ESE BIODIV ERSIT Y　8 (3) :325～336 , August , 2000 物种多样性变化格局与时空尺度 周红章 　于晓东 　罗天宏 　何君舰 ( 中国科学院动物研究所 , 　北京 　100080) 摘 　要 　物种多样性时空格局作为生物多样性研究的重要内容 , 是针对物种的数量变化和物种的生物 学多样性程度 ,在不同尺度范围内探讨物种多样性的时空格局及其变化规律 。本文首先讨论物种多样 性的空间格局 ,特别是不同尺度上的“物种 - 面积”模式 ,分析了纬度梯度 、栖息地因素对物种多样性格 局形成的作用 。在时间尺度上 ,本文分析了物种多样性在不同时间尺度的变化格局 :从生物长期进化的 地史时间看 ,物种多样性稳定增长受到周期性大绝灭事件中断 。最新研究表明 ,物种多样性时间格局决 定于最近一次大绝灭后的初始状态 。在较短的时间范围内,如生态群落演替、季节周期等 ,物种多样性 变化呈现特殊的模式 。此外 ,也发现寄主上寄生物种的多样性有随着时间而增加的趋势 。 关键词 　物种多样性 ,时空变化格局 How does species diversity change ?Spatio-temporal patterns and scales/ ZHOU Hong- Zhang , YU Xiao-Dong , L UO Tian- Hong , HE Jun-Jian Abstract 　It is an important part of biodiversity research to discover the patterns of species diversity over space and time in different scales and to find the mechanisms that control thepattern forming. These are also consid ered to be the main goals of studies on species diversity , which lay special emphasis on how the number of species changes and how great the species diverse with different biological attributes. This paper discusses at first the spatial patterns of species diversity , especially the modes of “species-area ”from different aspects. The factors like latitudinal changes and habitat heterogeneity are considered to see how they affect the pattern forming of species diversity. Secondly , the paper ′s discussion is concentrated on the patterns of species diversi ty over time. In the long-term evolution of all organisms , the process of total species- diversity increase would be interrupted by a series of mass extinctions that occur periodically. The recent pro gresses show that the pat terns of species diversity between any two