PDE and Image Diffusion教学.pptVIP

PDE and Image Diffusion Shen ZhengWei 1, what is image diffusion? 2，Heat diffusion equation. 3, Discretization or Numerical Implementation . 1, what is image diffusion? The concept of diffusion emerged from physical sciences. Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. The evolution of the temperature in a room. The evolution of the concentration of chemical components in a solution. Image diffusion is equivalent to Image smoothing. 2，Heat diffusion equation. In heat transfer, conduction (or heat conduction) is the transfer of thermal energy between neighboring molecules in a substance due to a temperature gradient. Heat transfer always goes from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature, and acts to equalize the temperature differences. 如果介质是各向同性的(Isotropic)，那么在上述作用力下，将产生流密度，即单位时间内通过与temperature gradient矢量垂直的单位面积的热量 高斯定理 高斯公式又叫高斯定理(或散度定理）： 矢量穿过任意闭合曲面的通量等于矢量的散度对闭合面所包围的体积的积分  现在，考察包围某一给定点p的闭合曲面S的热的总流量 3, Numerical Implementation  The first step is to discretize I(x,y,t): Time discretization we compute the solution I(x,y,t) only at particular times ts, multiples of the time step, denoted by Δt: ts = n*Δt Space discretization we compute the solution I(x,y,t) only at particular points(i,j). Actually, the digital image itself have been discretized in column and row direction, and the spacial discretization parameter in column and row is unit . If Δt and Δx are too large, the I(x,y,n* Δt )is a very poor approximation of the true solution. If they are too small, the gain on the approximation is marginal, whereas the computationnal cost and time increase and becomes much too large. 4,BackGround Anisotropic Diffusion Often image and surface denoising is done with a low-pass filter (isotropic filtering) which reduces noise but also blurs sharp features and details, such as image edges. 为了达到去噪并且同时保护图像的边界，一个很自然的想法是令扩散过程中