起身肥改善水稻根际土壤氮素分布与利用的研究.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2007,40(2):314-321 Scientia Agricultura Sinica 起身肥改善水稻根际土壤氮素分布与利用的研究 郑永美，丁艳锋，王强盛，李刚华，吴 昊，袁 奇，王惠芝，王绍华 （南京农业大学农业部作物生长调控重点开放实验室，南京210095 ） 摘要：【目的】探讨起身肥对移栽后水稻根际土壤氮素分布与利用的改善作用，为氮肥的精确合理施用奠定 基础。【方法】以宁粳2号为材料，通过塑盘穴播育秧带土、带肥移栽，研究不同起身肥水平下植株周围土壤矿质 态氮浓度的时空变化及起身肥对水稻氮肥利用率和产量的影响。【结果】施起身肥后均能显著提高移栽后水稻根际 土壤氮素浓度。随移栽后时间推移，距植株 1 cm 处土壤氮素浓度呈下降趋势，而距植株 4 和 7 cm 处土壤氮素浓 度呈先升后降态势。与非起身肥处理相比，起身肥能够极显著地促进水稻对氮肥的吸收和利用。水稻吸氮量、基 蘖氮肥利用率和水稻产量以施适量起身肥处理最高。其基蘖氮肥利用率高达 27.17%，比非起身肥处理高 15%，差 异极显著。产量为8 814.0 kg·ha-1 -1 -1 ，比非起身肥处理高529.5 kg·ha 。【结论】秧田施起身肥310.5 kgN·ha ，可以 提高水稻生育前期根际土壤矿质态氮浓度，促进分蘖的早生发快，增加分蘖成穗率，显著提高氮肥利用率和水稻产 量。 关键词：水稻；塑盘穴播；起身肥；氮肥利用率；产量 Favorable Effect of Nitrogen Before Transplanting on Nitrogen Distribution and Utilization Efficiency in Rice Rhizosphere Soil ZHENG Yong-mei, DING Yan-feng, WANG Qiang-sheng, LI Gang-hua, WU Hao, YUAN Qi, WANG Hui-zhi, WANG Shao-hua ( Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095 ) Abstract: 【Objective 】The study was conducted to investigate the improvement of the application of nitrogen fertilizer before transplantation on nitrogen distribution and utilization efficiency around the soil of rice and to give guidance for nitrogen fertilizer application. 【Method 】The Japonica variety of Ningjing-2 was conducted in this study, and effects of nitrogen before transplanting on spatio-temporal distributing of mineral nitrogen, nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency and grain yield were studied with raising seedling by means of plastic-plate and transplanting with soil. 【Result 】The results indi