文艺复兴时期的文学(英文)摘要.pptVIP

RENAISSANCE The Overview of Renaissance 英旅1002班 徐阳 陈菲 孙阳阳 魏新悦 王桥 袁林 怎么来的 文艺复兴最早源于意大利。意大利在当时的欧洲已经率先完成了从封建主义走向资本主义过渡的阶级准备、思想准备和物质准备。马克思曾说，《资本主义生产，最早是在意大利发展》。14、15世纪的意大利佛罗伦萨等地，随着工场生产规模的不断扩大以及生产技术的不断进步，富裕的匠师和大作坊主成为了新兴资产阶级。他们需要取得与自身经济地位相适应的社会地位，需要将本阶级的价值观、思想文化提升为社会主流。但当时的资产阶级还是刚刚登上历史舞台、正在成长的新生力量，为抗衡并最终战胜其时顽固、保守、愚昧而残暴的天主教会，必须找到一种强大的思想武器来武装自己。它必须能唤起大众的觉醒意识，同时应以非暴力、非革命的面目出现。于是，资产阶级将目光投向了古希腊、古罗马时期。他们认为，那是欧洲人都引以为豪的光辉时代，是欧洲文化史上的一个高峰，那时盛极一时的古典自然科学、哲学、文学、艺术和罗马法将可用以同天主教会作斗争的实用的、有效的武器。于是，资产阶级积极倡导《复活》、《再生》古希腊、古罗马文化，掀起了从文化到社会各领域的变革活动。《文艺复兴》即由此得名。  The heart of Renaissance——Florence Social Conditions in the Renaissance Renaissance Mansions Palace of Versailles Renaissance House Influential Thinkers in the Renaissance Petrarch (1304 – 1374) “The father of humanism” Petrarch argued that humans were given their incredible intellectual and creative potential by god and that their abilities should be developed to the fullest. He believed that secular achievements and learning did not conflict with devotion to god. Rather, great feats demonstrated a higher love of god through enjoying the gifts which he had bestowed. This belief spread among intellectuals during the Renaissance and encouraged many to question human nature and the world around them. Education Education during the Renaissance was still very much tied to religious organizations. Luther and the Protestants continued to gain power during the Reformation and one of the ways they exercised it was in the realm of education. They believed that training people to read the bible would make truer believers and so they established schools with this goal in mind. The methods employed primarily involved memorization and passive mimicry of received “wisdom” and “truth”, and so were highly unlikely to promote critical thinking. Universities continued to evolve and grow and, with the influence of humanism, began to focus on worldly rather than otherworldly knowledge. Attention was placed on the ancient Greeks and Romans, particula