国际贸易实务(第1讲)资料.pptVIP

A Brief Introduction to International Trade 国际贸易简介 1.1 Reasons for International Trade International trade, also called foreign trade, world trade or overseas trade,in essence, is the fair and deliverate exchange of commodity （商品） and service across national boundaries. It includes import and export trade operations. It arises for many reasons. visible trade （有形贸易） The different of distribution of the worlds resources determines the patterns （格局）of world trade. Some countries or regions are abundant in natural resources; elsewhere, reserves （储量）are scarce or nonexistent. Climate and terrain（土壤） affect the cultivation（种植） of some agricultural products a nation can produce and trade internationally. The skilled workers（熟练工人） and capital resources（资本） help determine what a nation is able to produce and trade with other nations. With the development of manufacturing（制造业） and technology（技术）, there arose another motivation, i.e. economic benefit, for nations to trade. It was found that a country benefits more by producing goods it can make most cheaply and buying those goods that other countries can make at lower cost than by producing everything it needs within its own border. This is often explained by the theory of comparative advantage（比较优势）, also called the comparative cost theory（比较成本理论）. There are still some other reasons for international trade. Some nations are unable to produce enough products of a certain item. Moreover, the preference（偏爱） for innovation（创新） or style（款式） also leads to international trade, which makes available a greater variety of peoducts and offers a wider range of consumer choice of a cetain product. Finally, some nations of the world trade with other mainly for political reasons. In those cases, more considerations are given to political objectives rather than economic motivation. invisible trade （无形贸易） Inaddition to visible trade, which involves of the importing and exporting of tangible goods, there is also invisible trade,which involv