the ideal electron gas thermometer.pptVIP

The Ideal Electron Gas Thermometer Lafe Spietz, K.W. Lehnert, I. Siddiqi, R.J. Schoelkopf Department of Applied Physics, Yale University Thanks to: Michel Devoret and Daniel E. Prober Introduction Fundamental Noise Sources Thermal(Johnson) Noise Frequency-independent Temperature-dependent Used for thermometry Conduction in Tunnel Junctions Thermal-Shot Noise of a Tunnel Junction* Thermal-Shot Noise of a Tunnel Junction Tunnel Junction(AFM image) Self-Calibration Technique for Thermometry Temperature Measurements Over Time Merits Vs. Systematics Summary Ideal Electron Gas Thermometer based on Johnson-Schottky transition of noise in a tunnel junction (thermal-shot noise.) Fast, accurate, primary thermometer Works over a wide temperature range Relates T to V using only e and kb applications for metrology Diode Nonlinearity Conductance More Conductance * Johnson-Schottky transition of the noise in tunnel junctions Relates T and V using only e and kB ? primary thermometer Demonstrate operation from T=0.26 K to 300K Frequency-independent Temperature independent Shot(Schottky) Noise Assume: Tunneling amplitudes and D.O.S. independent of energy Fermi distribution of electrons Difference gives current: M I M Conductance (G) is constant Fermi functions Sum gives noise: *D. Rogovin and D.J. Scalpino, Ann Phys. 86,1 (1974) Thermal Noise 2eGV=2eI Shot Noise 4kBT R Johnson-Schottky Transition Region eV~kBT Johnson-Schottky Transition: Direct relationship between T and V Al-Al2O3-Al Junction R=33 W Area=10 mm2 I+ I- V+ V- Experimental Setup:RF + DCMeasurement Experimental Setup: Pumped He Cryostat For t = 1 second, High bandwidth: hence fast Noise power vs. bias voltage: P = Gain*B( SIAmp+SI(V,T) ) Noise Versus Voltage Tnoise=5.128 K, Gain=29.57 mV/K T=4.372 K Universal Functional Form: Agreement over three decades In temperatu