镁合金汽车轮毂挤压胀形工艺及模具设计讲解.docVIP

汽车轮毂挤压胀形工艺及模具设计 摘 要 近年来，我国快速晋升为全球镁产量第一大国。数据显示，1995年之前，西方国家贡献了全球80%的金属镁产量，而到了2007年，中国贡献了全球80%的金属镁2010年，中国原镁产量超过65万吨，同比增长超过30%；2011年，中国原镁产量66.06万吨，主要受欧债危机和全球经济发展速度放缓影响，同比增长1%。 镁合金以其显著的减重效果、良好的铸造和尺寸稳定性、优良的抗震性及可回收再生等特性，已成为汽车制造业最具潜力的结构材料。数据显示，无论是传统燃油汽车，还是新能源汽车，汽车自重减轻会带来很大的节油减排的效果，汽车自重减轻10%，其燃油效率即可提高15%。镁合金这一最轻金属结构材料的优势可以充分发挥出来。 本文提出挤压胀形工艺来成形镁合金轮毂，通过塑性变形改善制品组织结构，提高镁合金的力学性能，进而取代铝合金应用到汽车轮毂上。 根据前人所做关于AZ80A镁合金压缩实验确定了最佳的塑性变形温度：变形温度380-410℃，应变速率0.01-1/s，可根据应变速率确定镁合金合适的挤压温度，另外根据热压缩的峰值应力可以建立镁合金的流动应力模型。镁合金在200℃、250℃下变形，不能充分发生动态在结晶，会保留部分变形组织和加工硬化，产品强度较高。本文阐述的胀形温度选择在380℃。 轮毂轮辋的胀形方法有刚性胀形，介质胀形包括液压油、空气、橡胶等。其中刚性胀形效率高、安全可靠。本文选用刚性凸模胀形，即使用与轮辋部分形状相符的凸模双向压入复合挤压后成形轮毂预制件管壁的内部，使直筒装内壁扩口成形为轮辋。 关键词： AZ80A镁合金 轮毂 挤压 胀形 刚性凸模 ABSTRACT Metal magnesium and magnesium alloy with light weight, high strength, good thermal conductivity, absorb vibration and noise, easy recycling, environmental pollution, etc., in the manufacture of automobile transportation, machinery and electronics, aerospace and other fields has important application value , known as the 21st century green materials.  In recent years, Chinas rapid promotion to the global magnesium production superpower.In 2010, the Chinese primary magnesium production over 650,000 tons, an increase of more than 30%; 2011, Chinese primary magnesium production 660,600 tons, mainly due to the European debt crisis and the slowdown in global economic growth, an increase of 1%. Magnesium alloy with its significant weight loss, good casting and dimensional stability, excellent shock resistance and recyclable and other characteristics, the automotive industry has become the most promising structural materials. Data show that both the traditional fuel vehicles, or new energy vehicles, vehicle weight to reduce fuel emissions will bring great effect, reduce vehicle weight of 10%, and its fuel efficiency can be increased by 15%. The lightest metal structure of magnesium alloy material advantage can be fully realized. This paper puts forward the extrusion and bu