北京私家园林中植物景观.pdfVIP

北京私家园林中的植物景观 Plant Landscapes in the Private Gardens in Beijing 贾 珺 朱育帆 JIA Jun, ZHU Yu-fan 摘 要：由于地理和气候条件的原因，北京私家园林的植物栽培受到一定程度的限制，但很多私家花园却能够因地制宜， 发展出具有地域特色的植物景观。乔木在园中占据较大的比重，以槐、榆、枣、柳等树种为主；灌木和花卉推崇丁香、海棠、牡 丹、芍药，对于一些南方花卉只能采用暖窖盆栽的方式进行培植。此外，藤蔓、蔬菜、花卉、竹子、荷花等也都是园中的常见植 物。庭院中经常对称种植乔木或灌木，另有很多花木与假山、水池、建筑形成密切的呼应关系。结合文献考证和实例调研，对 北京私家园林植物景观进行全面的探讨。 关 键 词：风景园林；北京私家园林；植物景观；造园 文章编号：1000-6664(2010)10-0061-09 中图分类号：TU 986 文献标志码：A 收稿日期：2009-04-02；修回日期：2010-09-12 基金项目：国家自然科学基金(编和清华大学基础研究基金(编号JC2003001)共同资助 Abstract:Abstract: Because of the geographical condition and climate, the plant cultivation had a limitation in the private gardens in Beijing, but numerous examples presented wonderful plant landscapes with distinctive local characteristics. The proportion of the arbors including Chinese scholar tree, elm, jujube tree and willow was large and flowers bushes such as lilac, crabapple, and peony were valued highly. Some spices from South China were cultivated in green houses. Besides, liana, vegetable and bamboo were common in the gardens. Pairs of arbors or bushes were frequently planted in symmetry in the counties, and other plants were arranged according to buildings, rockeries and water. Based on a lot of documents and examples, the author analyzes the characters of the plant landscape design of the private gardens in Beijing. KeyKey words:words: landscape architecture; private garden in Beijing; plant landscape; garden design [1] 北京地区因气候因素，在植物造景方面受 上所列均为北京私家宅园中常见的花木景致。 者瘦以矜，干直以壮，性非盘也”。清代西郊礼 到一定的限制。但北京的私家花园却多能因地 王园至今尚存2棵白皮老松，盛宣怀宅园、马福 制宜，发展出具有地域特色的花木栽植手法，在 1 北京私家园林中的常见园林植物及 祥宅园中也都有姿态很好的白皮松(图1)。 很多园亭中留下值得称道的植物景观。如明代