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effects of orbital forcing on atmosphere and ocean heat
Clim. Past, 6, 155–168, 2010
Climate
/6/155/2010/
© Author(s) 2010. This work is distributed under of the Past
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Effects of orbital forcing on atmosphere and ocean heat transports
in Holocene and Eemian climate simulations with a comprehensive
Earth system model
N. Fischer1,2 and J. H. Jungclaus1
1Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
2International Max Planck Research School for Earth System Modelling, Hamburg, Germany
Received: 22 September 2009 – Published in Clim. Past Discuss.: 13 October 2009
Revised: 12 March 2010 – Accepted: 17 March 2010 – Published: 25 March 2010
Abstract. Orbital forcing does not only exert direct insola- Quaternary (the last 2.5 million years) (Milankovic, 1941;
tion effects, but also alters climate indirectly through feed- Hays et al., 1976; Imbrie et al., 1992). Their impact on the
back mechanisms that modify atmosphere and ocean dy- climate of interglacial periods has been studied in previous
namics and meridional heat and moisture transfers. We coupled atmosphere-ocean modeling work mainly focussing
investigate the regional effects of these changes by de- on the atmosphere component of the climate system (e.g.,
tailed analysis of atmosphere and ocean circulation and heat Braconnot et al., 2007a,b). Notable exceptions were tran-
transports in a coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea ice-biosphere sient simulations of the Holocene with a coupled Earth sys-
general circulation model (ECHAM5/JSBACH/MPI-OM). tem model of intermediate complexity (EMIC) by Renssen
We perform long term quasi equilibrium simulations un- et al. (2006) and a Holocene time
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