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integrated coastal strongmanagementstrong a comparative analysis of four
Applied Geography 29 (2009) 49–62
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Applied Geography
journal homepage: www.els /locate/apgeog
Integrated Coastal Management: A comparative analysis of
four UK initiatives
*
T.A. Stojanovic , R.C. Ballinger
Marine and Coastal Environment Research Group, School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University,
Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3YE, UK
a b s t r a c t
Keywords: The effectiveness of institutional arrangements and policies for governance has become
Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) a key question within the sustainability paradigm, not least in coastal areas which have
UK unique issues and jurisdictions across the land–sea interface. In the UK, approximately 60
Regional, Local non-statutory coastal management initiatives have been established at the local/regional
Environmental management
level since the 1990s, based on a variety of programmes and projects. Proposals for a UK
Partnerships
Marine Bill have raised questions about the role of non-statutory initiatives in the system
of governance. The traditional sectoral approach to management and planning is being
modified due to the pressure of increased human activities, but doubts exist about what
effective contribution lo
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