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Efficiency and Productivity of Greek Banks in the EMU Era Georgios E. Chortareas?, Claudia Girardone* and Alexia Ventouri? Abstract We provide a characterisation of the Greek banking system’s efficiency and productivity under the new environment that the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) participation implies. We consider cost and profit efficiency as well as productivity change of commercial banks using the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the Total Factor Productivity (TFP) Malmquist Index. The period under study is 1998-2003 covering Greece’s entry into the euro area in 2001 and the run-up to it. Moreover, enhanced competition along with lower inflation and interest rates has further motivated financial innovation and off-balance sheet (OBS) business. Our findings suggest that cost efficiency has risen by 4.3% over the six years under study. Moreover, Greek banks seem to enjoy relatively high profit efficiency (on average 75%) showing an increase by 93% over 1998-2003. Similarly, productivity seems to have risen by 15% and this was mainly driven by the improvements in the performance of best-practice institutions. Our results do not show any role for OBS activities in Greek banks’ efficiency. Finally, while the impact of profitability and size on efficiency and productivity yields mixed results, our empirical findings seem to corroborate previous studies in that controlling for risk preferences is important in determining bank efficiency. JEL classification: G21; D24. Keywords: Greek Banks; Cost/Profit Efficiency; Data Envelopment Analysis; Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index; Off-Balance Sheet Business. ? Department of Economics, University of Athens, 8 Pesmazoglou Street, 10559, Athens (Greece); Tel.: +30(0)2103689805; Email: gchortar@econ.uoa.gr * Corresponding author: School of Accounting, Finance and Management, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ (United Kingdom); Tel: +44(0)1206 874156; Email: cgirardone@ess