生物黑炭及其增汇减排和改良土壤意义.pdfVIP

农业环境科学学报 2009,28(12):2459-2463 Journal of Agro-Environment Science 生物黑炭及其增汇减排与改良土壤意义 张阿凤，潘根兴，李恋卿 （南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所，江苏南京 210095） 摘 要：国际上对将农田废弃物制成生物黑炭施用于土壤作为农业增汇减排的一种关键途径的呼声越来越高。通过文献资料调研， 介绍了生物黑炭的基本性质及其碳稳定性，对农田土壤的改良效应，并讨论其在农业增产和增汇（碳）中的作用。结果表明，作物秸 秆无氧高温热解制备的生物炭具有高度的芳香化、物理的热稳定性和生物化学的抗分解性。施用于土壤大幅度提升土壤碳库，并因 其结构性质有利于农田土壤固持养分，提高养分利用率，改善微生物生境，从而达到提高土壤质量而促进作物增产的双赢效果。 关键词：生物黑炭；固碳减排；土壤改良；应对气候变化 中图分类号：S156.2 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1672- 2043(2009)12- 2459- 05 Biochar and the Effect on C Stock Enhancement, Emission Reduction of Greenhouse Gases and Soil Reclaimation ZHANG A-feng, PAN Gen-xing, LI Lian-qing （Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China） Abstract ：There is increasing demand worldwide for application of biochar from crop residues to croplands as a key countermeasure for en－ hancing soil C stock and reducing greenhouse gases emission from agriculture. This paper reviewes the basic properies and the decomposition stability of biochar, the benefial effects on soil reclaimation as well as in both enhancing crop yield and soil C stock by using biochar in crop － lands. Many works done have inidcated that the biochar produced from crop residues with pyrolysis under moderate and high temperature in absence of oxygen, has a highly aromatic chamical structure, physical and biological stability against thermal and biological decomposition, increases nutrient efficiency as well as improving soil habitat for soil biota. Thus, it is believed that application of biochar will reach a win- win effect for improving soil productivity and soil C stock in agriculture. Keywords ：biochar; C stock and emission reduction; soil reclaimation; mitigation of climate change 人类活动下温室气体排放引起大气温室气体浓 全球估计每年有4~8 Pg 生物量碳被焚烧，有 [1] [7] 度不断攀高而导致全球气候持续变暖 ，应对