英语语言的的学.pdfVIP

n e s Christian Mair s i English Linguistics w - r o l e h c a b Contents Contents Preface: how to use this book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX 1 Introduction – linguistic and other approaches to language . . . . 1 1.1 Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Demonstration/discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.3 Problems and challenges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1.4 Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2 Phonetics and phonology – the sounds of speech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.1 Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.1.1 Sounds and letters: the need for a phonetic alphabet. . . . . . 21 2.1.2 Sounds as sounds, and sounds as elements of linguistic systems: from phonetics to phonology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.1.3 Stress, pitch, intonation – phonetics and phonology beyond the individual sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2.2 Demonstration/discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2.3 Problems and challenges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2.4 Practice .