《制造系统建模和仿真》讲义2.ppt

Su Chun, Southeast University 第二章 系统建模方法 System and System Models System and System Models System and System Models Examples abound … Manufacturing facility Bank or other personal-service operation Transportation/logistics/distribution operation Hospital facilities (emergency room, operating room, admissions) Computer network Freeway system Business process (insurance office) Criminal justice system Chemical plant Fast-food restaurant Supermarket Theme park Emergency-response system System and System Models Model – set of assumptions/approximations about how the system works Study the model instead of the real system … usually much easier, faster, cheaper, safer Can try wide-ranging ideas with the model Make your mistakes on the computer where they don’t count, rather than for real where they do count Often, just building the model is instructive – regardless of results Model validity (any kind of model … not just simulation) Care in building to mimic reality faithfully Level of detail Get same conclusions from the model as you would from system System and System Models Physical (iconic) models Tabletop material-handling models Mock-ups of fast-food restaurants Flight simulators Logical (mathematical) models Approximations and assumptions about a system’s operation Often represented via computer program in appropriate software Exercise the program to try things, get results, learn about model behavior System and System Models If model is simple enough, use traditional mathematical analysis … get exact results, lots of insight into model Queuing theory Differential equations Linear programming But complex systems can seldom be validly represented by a simple analytic model Danger of over-simplifying assumptions … model validity? Type III error – working on the wrong problem Often, a complex system requires a complex model, and analytical methods don’t apply … what to do? System and System Models Broadly interpreted, computer simulation refers to methods for st