基因及顺式调控元件在动物表型进化中的作用.pdfVIP

Hereditas (Beijing) 2014 年6 月, 36(6): 525 ―535 综 述 基因及其顺式调控元件在动物表型进化中的作用 孙博渊, 涂剑波, 李英, 杨明耀 四川农业大学动物遗传育种研究所, 成都611130 摘要:顺式调控假说是当前进化发育生物学中重要的理论之一, 该假说认为顺式调控元件的进化是调控外表 性状进化的主要遗传机制。然而越来越多的实验结果表明, 仅靠顺式调控假说远不足以解释复杂的进化发育过 程, 其他因素也会导致表型的进化, 如：与顺式调控元件相联基因的蛋白序列改变; 基因及染色体组复制; 蛋白 结构域与顺式调控元件的灵活性等。文章回顾了近年来顺式调控元件以及与顺式调控元件相联基因的进化发育 研究, 探讨了进化发育生物学研究的新方法与新思路。 关键词: 进化发育生物学; 顺式调控元件; 基因; 外表性状 Role of genes and their cis-regulatory elements during animal mor- phological evolution Boyuan Sun, Jianbo Tu, Ying Li, Mingyao Yang Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China Abstract: Cis-regulatory hypothesis is one of the most important theories in evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo), which claims that evolution of cis-regulatory elements (CREs) plays a key role during evolution of morphology. However, an increasing number of experimental results show that cis-regulatory hypothesis alone is not far enough to ex- plain the complexity of evo-devo processes. Other modifications, including mutations of protein coding, gene and genome duplications, and flexibility of homeodomains and CREs, also cause the morphological changes in animals. In this review, we retrospect the recent results of evolution of CREs and genes associated with CREs and discuss new methods and trends for research in evo-devo. Keywords: evo-devo; cis-regulatory element; gene; morphology 成年动物外表形态的形成是通过一系列发育基 mental biology, 简称evo-devo)是进化生物学、发育 因在胚胎中的表达而实现的,这些基因在时间和空 生物学以及遗传学相结合的交叉新学科[1,2], 旨在探 间上精确且有差异的表达, 指导胚胎发育成形态各 讨生物进化过程中基因及其调控的变化是怎样通过 异的个体。进化发育生物学(Evolutionary deve