热带、亚热带玉米育种素材的遗传改良.pdfVIP

HEREDITAS (Beijing) 2011 12 , 33(12): 1380―1392 ISSN 0253-9772 研究报告 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1005.2011.01380 热带、亚热带玉米育种素材的遗传改良 三森·健葩彤, 查芭·健葩彤 , /, 30320 以泰国玉米品种与适应种质共122 份为素材, 采用改良穗行、顶交或测交方案, 按精准的育种目标与定 向设计, 创制出具有鲜明独特特征的开放授粉品种(Open pollinate varieties, OPVs) 。育种素材选择考虑表现优 良、广适性、遗传多样性等3 个因素; 合成系统考虑实现遗传混合与重组、均等比较遗传贡献、施之温和选择 压力、充分交配达到遗传平衡(遗传组成母本性状相近) 等4 条要素。相继创制 Suwan 1 复合种及其(半)硬粒型 衍生种(Suwan 2 、3 复合种, Suwan 5 、KS24 综合种), 含有不同血缘的马齿型KS6 、KS28, Non-Suwan 1 血缘的 马齿型Caripeno DMR 、KS27 、KS23 等。对 10 个OPVs 采用 S1 选择法分别实施了C2 ～C13 轮选择, 从中育 成近 50 个自交系, 组配并发放 16 个优良单( 三)交种。目前泰国各单位育成的每个杂交种中, 至少有一个亲本 系来源于Suwan(KS)种质。文章还依据合成OPVs 及选系理论, 对合成OPVs 遗传成分适度多样化、亲缘关系、 优势群与模式和合成OPVs 对杂交优势育种的启示问题加以探讨。 玉米OPVs; 硬粒与马齿型OPVs 合成; 单( 三)交种; 遗传变异性与多样性 Genetic improvement of breeding materials in tropical and sub- tropical maize Sansern Jampatong, Chaba Jampatong National Corn and Sorghum Research Center / Farm Suwan, Kasetsart University, Pakchong, Nakhon Ratchasima 30320, Thailand Abstract: In the present study, 122 maize local cultivars and adapted exotic germplasm from Thailand were used to develop open pollinate varieties (OPVs) using modified ear-to-row scheme, top-cross or test-cross programmes. Ten new maize OPVs with distinct characters were created based on the precise breeding objectives and directional design. The se- lection of breeding materials was based upon three factors: elite performance, broad adaptability, and genetic diversity. The synthesizing system provided four features: genetic mixing and recombination, equal comparable genetic contribution, mild selection pressur