鄂东南乡土建筑候适应性研究.pdfVIP

摘 要 乡土建筑与气候的关系是很密切的，它必须能适应当地气候，并改变它而为人们提供一 个更方便、舒适的活动场所。位于湖北东南部的通山、阳新县等地区是传统聚落和乡土建筑 资源较丰富的地区。这里的气候就表现出冬冷夏热、季风气候、雨热同季等典型的我国大陆 性气候的特点。除了难以应付的漫长的冬夏极端气候外，终年降雨频繁、潮湿也是鄂东南气 候的一大特点。我们通过实地的调研，对当地的乡土建筑有了更直观、感性的认识。 鄂东南农村经济条件都十分有限，但乡土建筑作为一种成熟和稳定的建筑形态不仅要满 足经济、耐用的原则，还要能改善小气候环境。面对不利的气候环境，鄂东南乡土建筑不仅 要能保温隔热，还注重通风和防潮。为此，当地乡土建筑在聚落选址、布局；建筑形态、空 间组织；聚落给排水和水处理系统及建筑选材、营造技术等方面采取了一系列措施。鄂东南 乡土建筑在改良小气候环境的同时，也维持了周边生态环境的稳定和良性循环。通过这些方 法，提高了生活空间的舒适度并有效地起到防潮效果，创造了宜人以及对建筑有利的小气候 环境。 大自然是一个包含人类社会在内的有机整体，要与之和谐共生，只有节约资源，尊重环 境的态度才是可取的。鄂东南乡土建筑蕴含着顺应自然的朴素的生态观，这些理念和手法， 在提倡可持续发展的今天值得我们深入研究下去。 关键词：鄂东南 乡土建筑 气候适应性 小气候环境 生态 I ABSTRACT The vernacular architecture has close relationship with climate, it has to adapt to the climate environment, and has the ability to change the microclimate and creat a better one for mankind to live more conveniently and more comfortable. Tongshan County, Yangxin County and their surrounding areas in the southeast Hubei are districts which have abundant traditional villages and vernacular architectures. Hubei district demonstrate typical characteristic of continental climate: winter cold and summer hot , monsoon climate , rain in hot season. Except the long and unbearable summer and winter, frequently rains all year long and moist environment are heavy characteristic of southeast Hubei too. We have more intuitionistic and more perceptual understanding of local vernacular architecture through the investigation and research on the spot. The economic condition of countries of southeast hubei is limited. In the face of the unfavorable climate environment, the traditional dwellings of southeast hubei need not only heat preservation and heat insulation, but also aeration and dampproof. So a series of measures