大数据计算：创造商业、科学和社会领域的革命性突破（英文）.pdfVIP

Big-Data Computing: Creating revolutionary breakthroughs in commerce, science, and society Randal E. Bryant Randy H. Katz Edward D. Lazowska Carnegie Mellon University of University of University California, Berkeley Washington Version 8: December 22, 20081 Motivation: Our Data-Driven World Advances in digital sensors, communications, computation, and storage have created huge collections of data, capturing information of value to business, science, government, and society. For example, search engine companies such as Google, Yahoo!, and Microsoft have created an entirely new business by capturing the information freely available on the World Wide Web and providing it to people in useful ways. These companies collect trillions of bytes of data every day and continually add new services such as satellite images, driving directions, and image retrieval. The societal benefits of these services are immeasurable, having transformed how people find and make use of information on a daily basis. Just as search engines have transformed how we access information, other forms of big- data computing can and will transform the activities of companies, scientific researchers, medical practitioners, and our nations defense and intelligence operations. Some examples include:  Wal-Mart recently contracted with Hewlett Packard to construct a data warehouse capable of storing 4 petabytes (4000 trillion bytes) of data, representing every single purchase recorded by their point-of-