酶学课件解读.ppt

* 特点 I binds essential groups outside of the active site. There is no competitive relation between S and I. Inhbition (抑制程度) depends on [I]. Increase [S] can’t overcome inhibition of I. 动力学特点：Vm降低， Km不变。 抑制剂↑ 1 / V 1/[S] 无抑制剂 -1/Km 1/Vm The E-I-S complexes do not proceed to form products and reducing the [E-S]. Vmax↓; unchanged Km. ３. 反竞争性抑制作用的抑制剂 仅与ES复合物结合 * 概念：P78 + + E S ES ESI E P I only binds to ES complex, IES does not yield product Decreasing amount of ES。 * 特点： a） I only binds to ES complex ； Inhbition depends on both [I] and[S] . 动力学特点：Vm降低，Km降低。 抑制剂↑ 1/V 1/[S] 无抑制剂 -1/Km 1/Vm 表3-5 各种可逆性抑制作用的比较 ? 6. Effects of activators on enzyme activities 激活剂(activator): 使酶由无活性变为有活性或使酶活性增加的物质(Activators increase E activity).? essential activators: no enzymatic activity without it Mg2+ of hexokinase non-essential activators: enhancing the catalytic power. 第 四 节 酶 的 调 节The Regulation of Enzyme Many biological processes take place at a specific time; at a specific location and at a specific speed. Reasons for regulation Maintenance of an ordered state in a timely fashion and without wasting resources Conservation of energy to consume just enough nutrients Rapid adjustment in response to environmental changes . The are 2 ways of enzyme regulation: 1.Rapid regulation: To regulate enzymatic activity . Include: Allosteric regulation Chemical or Covalent modification Zymogen activation 2. Slow regulation: To regulate enzyme quantity. （一）变构酶通过变构调节酶的活性 变构调节 (allosteric regulation)：P79 一、调节酶实现对酶促反应速率的快速调节Regulation E can achieve rapid regulation on v of E-catalytic reaction Some metabolites(代谢物) can bind to allosteric site of the enzyme by non-covalent bonds triggers changes in enzyme conformation, then alters the catalytic activity of the enzyme. 变构酶(别构酶) allosteric enzyme: P79 E that can regulated by allosteric regulation. 变构部位 (调节部位、调节亚基) allosteric site ，regu