Internet Protocol Version 6.ppt.pptVIP

Apr 2005 IIT Kanpur IPv6: An Introduction Dheeraj Sanghi Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur dheeraj@iitk.ac.in http://www.cse.iitk.ac.in/users/dheeraj Outline Problems with IPv4 Basic IPv6 Protocol IPv6 features Auto-configuration, QoS, Security, Mobility Transition Plans Internet Protocol Transports a datagram from source host to destination, possibly via several intermediate nodes (“routers”) Service is: Unreliable: Losses, duplicates, out-of-order delivery Best effort: Packets not discarded capriciously, delivery failure not necessarily reported Connectionless: Each packet is treated independently IP Datagram Header Problems with IPv4: Limited Address Space IPv4 has 32 bit addresses. Flat addressing (only netid + hostid with “fixed” boundaries) Results in inefficient use of address space. Class B addresses are almost over. Addresses will exhaust in the next 5 years. IPv4 is victim of its own success. Problems with IPv4: Routing Table Explosion IP does not permit route aggregation (limited supernetting possible with new routers) Mostly only class C addresses remain Number of networks is increasing very fast (number of routes to be advertised goes up) Very high routing overhead lot more memory needed for routing table lot more bandwidth to pass routing information lot more processing needed to compute routes Problems with IPv4: Header Limitations Maximum header length is 60 octets. (Restricts options) Maximum packet length is 64K octets. (Do we need more than that ?) ID for fragments is 16 bits. Repeats every 65537th packet. (Will two packets in the network have same ID?) Variable size header. (Slower processing at routers.) No ordering of options. (All routers need to look at all options.) Problems with IPv4: Other Limitations Lack of quality-of-service support. Only an 8-bit ToS field, which is hardly used. Problem for multimedia services. No support for security at IP layer. Mobility sup