孔子“六言六蔽思想研究.pdf

摘 要 摘 要 “六言六蔽”出自《论语·阳货》，内容是“子曰：‘由也，女闻六言六蔽矣乎？’ 对曰：‘未也。’‘居！吾语女。好仁不好学，其蔽也愚；好知不好学，其蔽也荡；好信 不好学，其蔽也贼；好直不好学，其蔽也绞；好勇不好学，其蔽也乱；好刚不好学，其 蔽也狂。’”六言”是指“仁”、“知”、“信”、“直”、“勇”、“刚”；“六蔽”是与“六言” 相对应的“愚”、“荡”、“贼”、“绞”、“乱”、“狂”，连接“六言”和“六蔽”的是“好 学”，在行“六言”之教的同时，要注重“好学”的作用，以避免“六蔽”的产生。 这段对话发生在孔子和子路之间，子路是孔子最重要的弟子之一，子路的性格、言 行和思想与众不同；与其他弟子相比，他在《论语》中所占的章次最多，这也是子路典 型意义之所在，这是“六言六蔽”发生的语境。 孔子从“天下归仁”的社会理想出发，向弟子传授“六言六蔽”之道，其最终归宿 是希望弟子能够行“六言”之教。孔子要求弟子在日用常行及求学的过程中能够做到“六 言”，同时要注意把握好合适的“度”，这个“度”是通过“好学”来实现的。“好学” 亦是“学”，是以诚敬之心“敏以求之”的“学”。“学”有其内容、方法和态度。孔子 言“不学”的后果是产生“六蔽”，意在警示弟子专心向学，掌握明辨是非之理，实现 “六言”在自身上的落实，最终实现“天下归仁”的理想。 关键词：六言 六蔽 好学 I Abstract Abstract As one chapter in The Analects, the contect of “the six becloudings attach to six words”, is like this: The Master said, Yu, have you heard the six words to which are attached six becloudings? Yu replied, I have not. Sit down, and I will tell them to you. There is the love of being benevolent with out the love of learning;—the beclouding here leads to a foolish simplicity. There is the love of knowing without the love of learning;—the beclouding here leads to dissipation of mind. There is the love of being sincere without the love of learning; — the beclouding here leads to an injurious disregard of consequences. There is the love of straightforwardness without the love of learning;—the beclouding here leads to rudeness. There is the love of boldness without the love of learning ; — the beclouding here leads to insubordination. There is the love of firmness without the love of learning;—the beclouding here leads to extra