NewTradeTheory.ppt

Chapter5 New Trade Theory: Economies of Scale, Imperfect Competition and International Trade第五章 新贸易理论：规模经济、不完全竞争与国际贸易 Chapter summary本章内容概要 Economies of scale and international trade 规模经济与国际贸易 Imperfect Competition and International Trade 不完全竞争与国际贸易 Dumping 倾销 一、economies of scale and international trade规模经济与国际贸易 International trade practices, especially the development of intra-industry trade, requiring reconstruction of international trade theory and new developments in international trade theory to make a reasonable explanation. Kemp first noticed the economies of scale affect international trade, followed by Paul Krugman, economist, represented by constant returns to scale and give up the unrealistic assumption of perfect competition, the international trade theory based on imperfect competition and economies of scale on the assumption that economies of scale and product differentiation to more countries in the form of some goods on the advantages of specialized production. 国际贸易实践，特别是行业内贸易的发展，要求重构国际贸易理论并对国际贸易的新发展做出合理的理论解释。坎普最早注意到规模经济对国际贸易的影响，随后以保罗·克鲁格曼为代表的经济学家放弃了规模报酬不变和完全竞争的不现实假设，将国际贸易理论建立在不完全竞争和规模经济假设上，指出规模经济和产品差异使各国在一些商品上更易形成专业化生产优势。 1 Assumptions 规模经济假设 Increasing returns to scale: refers to all factors of production inputs by the same percentage change in output by a greater percentage change in the same direction.If the manufacturers production function is: 规模报酬递增：指所有生产要素的投入量按相同比例变化，产量按更大比例同方向变化。若厂商的生产函数为： Q＝f（K，L） Assume that capital and labor inputs have increased to the original λ-fold increase in output is greater than λ times, the production has increasing returns to scale, namely: 假定资本和劳动的投入量都增加到原来的λ倍，产出的增加大于λ倍，该生产过程具有规模报酬递增，即： Q‘＝f（λK，λL）＝λαf（K，L）（λ＞1，α＞1） 长期平均成本曲线 成本C 产量Q O LAC A Q0 LMC Economies of scale, economies of scale are divided into internal and external economies of scale, the former refers to the manufacturers a