水肥调控策略对膜下滴灌棉花冠层结构和产量的影响.pdfVIP

Cotton Science 棉花学报 CouonScience 2013，25 1 ：73～80 水肥调控策略对膜下滴灌棉花冠层结构和产量的影响 姚青青1，杨 涛1，马兴旺r，薛向荣2，牛新湘1，王斌- 1．新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所／国家棉花3--程技术研究中心．乌鲁木齐830000： 2．新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院，乌鲁木齐830052 摘要：测定了膜下滴灌棉花常规灌溉施肥、优化灌溉、优化施肥等不同水肥调控处理下棉花生育期叶面积指数 等冠层特征，分析了棉花冠层结构的动态变化及其与产量的关系。结果表明：常规灌溉下氮磷配合的常规施肥 可显著增加棉花叶面积指数、平均叶倾角，极显著降低散射和直射辐射透过系数，极显著提高单位面积结铃数 和铃重，从而极显著提高子棉产量；只使用氮磷肥、不使用钾肥改为氮磷钾肥平衡施用。棉花叶面积指数和平 均叶倾角略减，散射和直射辐射透过系数降低，单株结铃数增加，从而进一步提高子棉产量。在常规施肥下减 少灌溉量、优化生育期灌水次数和灌水量，可增大棉花叶面积指数和平均叶倾角、降低散射和直射辐射透过系 数，提高铃重，从而显著提高子棉产量。 关键词：棉花；水肥耦合；调控策略；冠层；产量 中图分类号：$562．04文献标志码：A 文章编号：1002—7807 2013 01—0073．08 EffectsofWaterandFertilizer on Cotton Structureand RegulationStrategies Canopy Yield underMulch DripIrrigation YAO Ta01，MA Binl Qing—qin91，YANGXing-wan91+，XUEXiang—ron92，NIUXin—xian91，WANG 1．Institute and Sciences／NationalCotton and ofSoil,FertilizerWater-saving,XinjiangAcademyofAgricultural Engineering Research ofResourceandEnvironmental Technique Centre，Ummqi830000，China；2．College Sciences,XinfiangAgricultural 830052，China University，Urumqi infull Abstract：Determinedcottonleafareaindexandother characteristics undermulch canopy growing period dripirrigation oftheconventional couon the ofcot— fertilization，and irrigationfertilization，optimizedirrigation，optimizedanalyzeddynamics ton and with structureits resultsshowedthat：conventionalfertilizationwithNandPinthecon— canopy relationshipyield．The ventional couldmakethecouon area and inclination irrigation LAI Leafindex valueMFIA Meanfoliage angle valuesignifi— coefficientfordiffuse and coefficientforradiation cantlyincrease，TC Transmissionpenetration valueT Transmission pene- canmakethenumberofbollsunitareaandboll reduced，which tration valuesignificantly per weightsignificantlyincrease，and then ledtotheseedcotton balancedfertilizercanmakethecottonLAIvalueandMFIA significantlyincreased；N，P，K yield value TCvalueT can boll and decreased，reduceandvalue，whichincreasenumberthen seedcotton slightly improve yield．In conventional water and waterofthe can fer