烟草专业本科毕业论文-烟田土壤有效态微量元素空间变异特征.docVIP

烟田土壤有效态微量元素空间变异特征 杨建国 (农学院烟草工程2004-1班) 摘 要： 基于GIS和GPS定位技术，结合网格取样，用地统计学方法研究了褐土烟区土壤有效态微量元素养分（速效Fe、速效Mn、速效Cu、速效Zn）的空间变异规律，并绘制了微量养分空间分布图。结果表明:土壤速效微量养分在整个研究区内均表现出中等变异水平,其变异性大小表现为:速效Zn速效Mn速效Cu速效Fe。除速效锰外,其它微量元素都表现出很强的空间结构性,速效Cu、Zn变程较短,分别为0.18km和0.17km,速效Mn变程较长为0.85km。基于半方差函数模型,用普通克里格法对研究区土壤速效微量养分进行了克里格插值,结果表明:速效Fe在研究区内普遍缺乏,速效Mn、速效Cu含量中等偏高,而速效Zn含量在整个研究区表现出明显的差异性。 关键词：烟田土壤；有效态微量元素；空间变异；地统计学 SpatiaVariability Characteristics of SoilAvailable Microelements in Tobacco Field Yangjian-Guo (Tobacco Engineering2004-1 of Agronomy College) Abstract: Based on GIS and GPS positioning technology, The geostatistics method was applied to study spatial variability characteristic of soil available microelements and draw a spatial distribution picture in tobacco field.The results showed that spatial variability of soil available microelements were all moderate levels in the whole research region, and the sequence showed that available Zn available Mn available Cu available Fe.Expect available Mn, other microelement took on very strong spatial structures, available Cu and available Zn had relatively short auto-correlation distance, the former was 0.18km and the latter was0.17km, available Mn had relatively long auto-correlation distance, which was 0.85km. Based on semi-variogram, ordinary Kriging method was applied to interpolate soil available microelements in the research region, the results showed that available Fe was widespread deficiency in research region, the content of available Mn and available Cu were moderate levels, while the content of available Zn had a apparent discrepancy in the whole research region. Key words: Tobacco soil; Available microelements; Spatial variability; Geostatistics 高产优质目标要求人们在施肥时科学施人N,P,K等大量营养元素，并兼顾Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn等微量元素的平衡[1]。科学施肥的标准是既要满足作物生长的各种需要又不能够因施肥过量而对土壤环境造成污染。N,P,K是作物生长所必需的大量元素，人们必须在了解土壤背景值及空间变异情况的基础上，结合作物的生物学特性、肥料本身特性和土壤条件，制定其合理的配比方案。在施用N,P,K肥料的同时，土壤中N,P,K元素大量积累，各种微量元素反而成为限制烟叶高产优质的主要因素。尽管烟叶对Cu,Mn,Fe,Zn等微量元素需求量较低，但缺乏时也会严重影响烟叶的正常生长发育和品质;反过来，微量元素含量过高，又