半干旱黄土丘陵区撂荒坡地土壤水分循环特征.pdfVIP

第 35 卷第 15 期 生 态 学 报 Vol.35,No.15 2015年8月 ACTA ECOLOGICA SINICA Aug.,2015 DOI:10.5846/ stxb201312293055 宁婷,郭忠升.半干旱黄土丘陵区撂荒坡地土壤水分循环特征.生态学报,2015,35(15):5168鄄5174. Ning T,Guo Z S.Characteristics of the soil water cycle in an abandoned sloping field in the semi鄄arid Loess Hilly Region.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35 (15):5168鄄5174. 半干旱黄土丘陵区撂荒坡地土壤水分循环特征 1 1,2,* 宁摇 婷 ,郭忠升 1 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,杨凌摇 712100 2 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,杨凌摇 712100 摘要:为深入了解半干旱黄土丘陵区土壤水分循环特征和为开展荒地造林工作提供背景数据,在宁南上黄生态试验站,选取典 型多年撂荒坡地,进行土壤水分的长期定位观测,分析其土壤水分补给、消耗特征与时空变异性。 结果表明:研究区降雨入渗量 和入渗深度随降雨量增加而增加,入渗补给系数约为0.44,雨水资源化率有待提高。 定义全年一半以上的次降水事件中能被有 效补给的土层深度为降水普遍入渗深度,则研究区降水普遍入渗深度为0—40 cm,观测期内最大入渗深度不超过 300 cm。 同 时,土壤水分的蒸散发量在丰水年平水年干旱年,主要蒸散发作用层位于0—200 cm土层范围内,最大蒸散发深度达到300 cm 以下。 该区土壤储水量的季节变化为“V冶型,剖面土壤平均含水量的垂直变异则呈现反“S冶型。 土壤水分的变异系数随土 层深度的增加表现出幂函数递减趋势,结合有序聚类法的分层结果,可采用0.20和0.05两个CV值将撂荒地土壤剖面划分为水 分活跃层(0—40 cm)、次活跃层(40—200 cm)和相对稳定层(200 cm 以下)3个层次。 关键词:半干旱黄土丘陵区;土壤水分;入渗;蒸散发;变异系数 Characteristics of the soil water cycle in an abandoned sloping field in the semi鄄 arid Loess Hilly Region NINGTing ,GUOZhongsheng1 1,2,* 1Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,ChineseAcademy of Sciences andMinistry of WaterResources,Yangling 712100,China 2Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,NorthwestAF University,Yangling 712100,China Abstract:To better understand the characteristics of soil water cycle in the semi鄄arid Loess Hilly Region and to provide background data for the change in land cover,a typical sloping filed which was abandoned for many years was selected at theShanghuangExperimentalStationinsouthernNingxia.Dynamicsofthesoilwaterwerecontinuouslymonitoredbyusinga neutron probe in fixed positions. The results showed that the rainfall was not frequent and precipitation was limited. The