专转本英语语法考点解析.docVIP

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专转本英语语法考点解析.doc

专转本英语语法表格示意图 一.冠词 冠词分为不定冠词(a, an),定冠词(the),和零冠词。 I. 不定冠词的用法: 1 指一类人或事,相当于a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly. 2 第一次提及某人某物,非特指 A boy is waiting for you. 3 表示“每一”相当于every,one We study eight hours a day. 4 表示“相同”相当于the same We are nearly of an age. 5 ◆用于人名前,表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事 A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out That boy is rather a Lei Feng. 6 ◆用于固定词组中 A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, in a word II. 定冠词的用法: 1 表示某一类人或物(这种泛指不需掌握) The horse is a useful animal. 2 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean 3 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事 Would you mind opening the door? 4 ◆用于乐器前面 play the violin, play the guitar 5 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人 the reach, the living, the wounded 6 ◆表示“一家人”或“夫妇” the Greens, the Wangs 7 用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前 He is the taller of the two children. 8 用于国家党派等以及江河湖海,山川群岛的名词前 the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French 9 ◆在逢十的复数数词之前,指世纪的某个年代 in the 1990’s,对比in the 1960s和in his 60s 10 ◆用于表示单位的名词前 I hired the car by the hour. (按小时计费) 11 ◆用于方位名词,身体部位名词,表示时间的词组前 He patted me on the shoulder.(the不能换成my) III. 零冠词的用法: 1 专有名词,物质名词,抽象名词,人名地名等名词前 Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air 2 名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制 I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this? 3 ◆季节,月份,星期,节假日,一日三餐前 March, Sunday, National Day, spring 但the Spring Festival 4 ◆表示职位,身份,头衔的名词前 Lincoln was made President of America. 5 ◆学科,语言,球类,棋类名词前 He likes playing football/chess. 6 ◆与by连用表示交通工具的名词前 by train, by air, by land 7 以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时 husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night 8 表示泛指的复数名词前 Horses are useful animals. IV 有无冠词的词汇或词组的对比 不可数名词的具体化用作可数名词 cloth(布料—不可数)与a table cloth(桌布);beer (啤酒)与a beer(一杯啤酒);glass(玻璃)与a looking glass(镜子) ◆相似词组的对比 in charge of / in the charge of; in case of / in the case of; in front of / in the front of; out of question / out of the question 二、数词 I.序数词one two three…与基数词 first second third ... II.分数 one third 三分之一/ two thirds三分之二… III.数词

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