地理信息系统导论chap18祥解.ppt

* CHAPTER 18 GIS MODELS AND MODELING 18.1 Basic Elements of GIS Modeling 18.1.1 Classification of GIS Models 18.1.2 The Modeling Process 18.1.3 The Role of GIS in Modeling Box 18.1 GIS and Location Modeling 18.1.4 Integration of GIS and Other Modeling Programs 18.2 Binary Models 18.2.1 Vector-Based Method 18.2.2 Raster-Based Method 18.2.3 Applications of Binary Models Box 18.2 The Conservation Reserve Program 18.3 Index Models 18.3.1 The Weighted Linear Combination Method 18.3.2 Other Index Methods 18.3.3 Applications of the Index Model Box 18.3 The Land Evaluation and Site Assessment System 18.4 Regression Models 18.4.1 Linear Regression Models 18.4.2 Local Regression Models 18.4.3 Logistic Regression Models 18.5 Process Models 18.5.1 Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation 18.5.2 Critical Rainfall Model Key Concepts and Terms Review Questions Applications: GIS Models and Modeling Task 1: Build a Vector-Based Binary Model Task 2: Build a Raster-Based Binary Model Task 3: Build a Vector-Based Index Model Task 4: Build a Raster-Based Index Model Challenge Task References Model A model is a simplified representation of a phenomenon or a system. Models using geographically referenced data are usually called “spatially explicit models.” Classification of GIS Models A model may be descriptive or prescriptive. A model may be deterministic or stochastic. A model may be static or dynamic. A model may be deductive or inductive. Model Classification Difference Descriptive vs. Prescriptive A descriptive model describes the existing conditions, whereas a prescriptive model predicts what the conditions should be. Deterministic vs. Stochastic A deterministic model assumes variables to have unique values, whereas a stochastic model assumes variables to follow some probability distributions. Dynamic vs. Static A dynamic model treats time as a variable, whereas a static model treats time as a constant. Deductive vs. Inductive A deductive model is based on theories, whereas an in