生物质资源的综利用 2.docVIP

摘要 生物质是地球上资源非常丰富的天然资源，稻壳是生物质中的一种，并且产量巨大。为了充分利用秸秆资源，世界各国已经进行了几十年的努力，并取得一定的进展。其中利用稻壳发电，不仅解决了污染问题，而且开发了新能源。本文较详细的研究了稻壳灰中硅碳组分的分离，用碱蒸煮的方法将稻壳灰中的硅碳组分分离。对于碳组分，利用磷酸和氢氧化钠活化法制备高比表面积活性炭；对于硅组分也即水玻璃溶液，利用改良的化学沉淀法即二氧化碳微晶法，制备了纯度高，白度及分散性好的纳米白炭黑。通常，无定型二氧化硅转化为磷石英晶体都需要在870 -1470°C的温度下进行，而本文针对稻壳生产的无定型白炭黑，采用溶剂热法在低温液相情况下对白炭黑进行晶化处理，合成了磷石英晶体。 稻壳；生物质；活性炭；白炭黑；综合利用 Abstract Biomass is very abundant natural resources on earth, rice husk is one of the biomass, and the great amount of production. In order to make full use of straw resources, countries in the world has been going on for decades of efforts, and achieved certain progress. With electricity generation by using rice husk, which not only solve the pollution problems, and develop the new energy. In this paper, a detailed study of the separation of the silicon carbide components in rice husk ash, rice with alkali cooking method to separate the silicon carbide components of rice husk ash. For carbon components, the use of phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide live activation of of high specific surface area of carbon; For silicon components that sodium silicate solution, using the method of chemical precipitation that microcrystalline carbon dioxide modified, the preparation of high purity, whiteness and good dispersion of nano silica. Usually, type amorphous silica into p quartz crystal needs to be at 870-1470 ° C temperature, husk and aiming at the production of the amorphous silica, using solvent hot method under the condition of low temperature liquid phase crystallization, white carbon black, phosphorus quartz crystal was synthesized. Key words： Rice husk；biomass；Activated carbon；White carbon black；Comprehensive utilization 目 录 中文摘要 ………………………………………………………………………1 ABSRTACT ………………………………………………………………………2 第1章前言 ………………………………………………………………… 5 1.1稻壳及稻壳灰的综合利用…………………………………………………5 1.1.1稻壳及稻壳灰的产生及对环境的影响…………………………………5 1.1.2稻壳及稻壳灰的特点……………………………………………………5 1.1.3稻壳及稻壳灰的应用……………………………………………………6 1.1.4稻壳及稻壳灰综合利用的意义……………………………………… 11 1.2活性炭的制备及应用…………………………