CultureandLanguage创新.pptVIP

Chinese kinship terms Three features of traditional family structure: The extended family where three or four generations live together 大家族 The generation hierarchy 辈分（长，平，晚辈one’s senior, junior or equals小辈尊重长辈） Patriarchal tradition (重男轻女 Relatives from father’s side are closer外亲低于内亲） Nuclear family Belief in equality and youth-oriented: In English, kinship terms don’t tell whether the relatives are from the mother’s or father’s side. Strong legal consciousness: English terms distinguish between relationships by blood and by marriage Western kinship terms 搭配 (different collocation) 拉小提琴，玩游戏，吹笛，踢足球，打篮球，下棋，开玩笑，扮酷，演悲剧 浓茶、浓墨，浓汤，浓烟, 浓情 Play the violin/ a game/ the flute/ football/ basketball/ chess/ a joke/ cool/ a tragedy Strong tea, dark/thick ink, thick soup, heavy/dense smoke，deep feeling Differences in Sentence Structures 1. Hypotactic V.S. Paratactic 2. Static V.S. Dynamic 3. Impersonal V.S. Personal 4. Substitution and Repetition 5. Focus position 1. 英语依靠形式手段显示句子关系，汉语借助句子所含意义的逻辑联系实现连接。 2. 英语爱用静态词，汉语爱用动态词 3. 英语客体意识，主语多抽象名词。汉语主体意识，主语习惯用人做主语。 4. 英语尽量避免重复表述，汉语则习惯重复。 5. 英语往往是判断或结论等在前，事实或描写等在后，即重心在前；汉语则是由因到果、由假设到推论、由事实到结论，即重心在后。 Rigid V.S. Supple 刚性还是柔性 英语是“法制”，句子形式严格受语法制约， 必须有主语和谓语动词，及物动词必须有宾语。汉语是“人制”，句子不受形式约束，可以因为表意需要加以变通，只要意思明白就可以。汉语句子可以没有主语，没有动词（我二十岁），没有介词或连接词。 S-V concord（主谓一致） Flexible sentence structure 英语谓语动词有时态，语态和语气变化，汉语借助语法助词“着，了，过, 马上，将来，已经，正在，昨天，以前，总是…”等。 My desk-mate was doing his homework when his cell phone rang. 我的同桌正在写作业，这时手机响了。 I am asked 有人问我 I was asked 有人问过我 I was being asked 当时有人问我 I had been asked 在这之间有人问我 Discourse patterns (Chinese V.S English) 1. Induction (归纳） V.S. Deduction (演绎） 2. Spiral (螺旋形） V.S. Linear （直线形） 3. Semantic coherence (语义连贯） V.S. Formal cohesion (形式衔接） 4. Poetic and flowery language V.S Objective and realistic language 5. Reference to the past V.S. Originality Wh